Unit 18

• Who is the narrator of the presentation?

  Frank Avella
• What is the main focus of the presentation?

  Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development
• How many stages are there in Piaget's cognitive development theory?

  Four stages
• What did Piaget fundamentally change in education?

  How educators view child learning
• What was Piaget's early interest before psychology?

  Biology
• What is epistemology?

  A branch of philosophy about knowledge
• What are schemas in Piaget's theory?

  Categories of learning
• What is assimilation in Piaget's theory?

  Changing new information to fit a schema
• How might a child demonstrate assimilation?

  Calling all four-legged animals dogs
• What is accommodation in Piaget's theory?

  Adjusting schemas based on new information
• How does a child learn the difference between a dog and a horse?

  Through accommodation with examples
• What does Piaget mean by children being active learners?

  They initiate their own learning process
• What are the four stages of cognitive development?

  Sensory motor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational
• What is the sensory motor stage?

  Children experience the world through senses
• What is object permanence?

  Understanding that objects exist when unseen
• What reflex do children exhibit in the sensory motor stage?

  Rooting reflex
• What physical milestones do children reach in the sensory motor stage?

  Crawling and walking
• What is the pre-operational stage characterized by?

  Symbolic thinking and pretend play
• What is egocentrism in children?

  Thinking only about themselves
• What do children in the pre-operational stage often engage in?

  Imaginary play and asking questions
• What is the concrete operational stage?

  Logical thinking about concrete results
• What concept develops during the concrete operational stage?

  Conservation
• How do children demonstrate conservation?

  Understanding quantity remains the same
• What is inductive logic?

  Solving problems based on specific examples
• What is the formal operational stage?

  Understanding abstract and deductive reasoning
• What age does the formal operational stage begin?

  Around age 12
• What do children begin to develop in the formal operational stage?

  Their own sense of identity
• What social issues do children start to examine in the formal operational stage?

  Social justice and moral values
• What are the four stages of Piaget's cognitive development theory?

  1. Sensory motor stage (birth to 2 years)
  2. Pre-operational stage (2 to 7 years)
  3. Concrete operational stage (7 to 12 years)
  4. Formal operational stage (12 years and beyond)
• What is one criticism of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

  Cultural differences affect developmental timing
• What is another criticism of Piaget's theory?

  Stages may not align with real-life development
• What is a potential issue with Piaget's research methods?

  Lack of scientific control in experiments
• How might Piaget have underestimated children's capabilities?

  Children may perform tasks earlier than expected
• What did Piaget use for his research?

  His own three children
• What is the significance of Piaget's theory in psychology?

  It was a landmark in cognitive development research
• What should viewers do at the end of the presentation?

  Subscribe and like the video
• What does Vygotsky's theory of social development emphasize?

  Community and language in learning
• How does Vygotsky's view on cognitive development differ from Piaget's?

  Vygotsky believed development is not stage-based
• What are the four elementary mental functions according to Vygotsky?

  Attention, sensation, perception, and memory
• What role does the social and cultural environment play in Vygotsky's theory?

  It helps develop higher mental functions