uneven development

• physical factors affecting wealth

  extreme climate can affect conditions and create hostile environments

  landlocked can affect trade opportunities

  harsh relief is difficult to develop infrastructure in
• economic factors affecting wealth

  prevents improvements to education, infrastructure and living conditions
• historical factors of unequal development

  exploitative colonisation of LICS

  LICS gaining independence has been a struggle which has lead to war and corruption
• what are three big factors affecting wealth

  physical, economic and historical
• 34% of the wealth in the world is found in north america
• africa has about 1% of the worlds wealth but 12% of the worlds population
• infant mortality rate in LICS

  High
• infant mortality rate in HICS 


  Low
• deaths in LICS

  4 in every 10 children

  2 in every 10 elderly
• deaths in HICS

  1 in every 100 deaths are children

  7 in every 10 deaths are elderly
• two types of international migration

  voluntary, forced
• economic migration

  moved to seek a better life and higher paid job
• refugee

  forced to flee from country of origin
• displaced person

  forced to move but staying within country of origin
• international migration is a main cause of uneven development
• since 2011, 6.6 million people have fled syria
• syrian people represent 25% of the worlds refugees
• what are the ways to reduce to development gap

  investment, industrial development, tourism, fair trade, aid, micro finance, intermidiate technology, debt relief
• investment

  countries and TNCs invest money i. LICS to increase their profits
• example of investment

  10,000 chinese companies now operate in africa
• industrial development stimulates the multiplier effect
• multiplier effect

  employment -> taxation revenue. -> population better-> opportunity
• fair trade makes trade without tariffs or quotas
• tariffs

  tax paid on imports making them less appealing to customers
• quotas

  limiting a quantity of goods that can be imported
• disadvantages of fair trade

  only works if countries agree to it
• tourism

  tourism can lead to increased income from abroad
• disadvantages of tourism

  only works if the country is attractive to other places
• types of aid

  short term, tied, multilateral, bilateral, voluntary, long-term
• short term

  following a disaster
• tied

  coming with conditions eg. trade deals
• multilateral

  rich countries giving money to world bank to redistribute
• long term

  sustainable aid to improve resilience
• voluntary

  money donated by the public
• intermediate technology

  small scale sustainable technology appropriate to the needs of an area
• micro finance

  banks offering out small loans to start up local businesses
• debt relief

  when a country gets rid of the debt another country is in in exchange for favours