Glucose control and diabetes

• What hormones control blood glucose concentration?

  Insulin and glucagon
• What does blood glucose concentration refer to?

  Amount of sugar in the bloodstream
• Why do cells need a constant supply of glucose?

  For respiration to produce energy
• What happens if blood glucose concentration is too high?

  It can damage tissues
• What occurs when a person eats a large meal with carbohydrates?

  Blood glucose concentration increases
• How does the pancreas respond to high blood glucose levels?

  It releases insulin into the bloodstream
• What is the role of insulin in blood glucose regulation?

  It helps cells take in glucose
• Which cells are most important for glucose uptake?

  Liver and muscle cells
• What is glycogen?

  A long-term storage form of glucose
• What happens to blood glucose concentration after insulin is released?

  It decreases back to normal levels
• What hormone is released when blood glucose levels are low?

  Glucagon
• How does glucagon affect blood glucose levels?

  It increases blood glucose concentration
• What does glucagon do in the liver when glucose levels are low?

  It breaks down glycogen into glucose
• What is the relationship between insulin and glucagon?

  They create a negative feedback loop
• How do insulin and glucagon maintain blood glucose levels?

  By constantly adjusting their release
• What happens to blood glucose concentration over time?

  It constantly changes or fluctuates
• What is the process of blood glucose regulation involving insulin and glucagon?

  • High glucose: Insulin released
  • Cells take in glucose
  • Glucose stored as glycogen
  • Low glucose: Glucagon released
  • Glycogen broken down to glucose
  • Glucose released into blood