refresh knowledge questions

Created by

Aleks

Cards (35)

what is a monosaccharide?
a monomer from which larger carbohydrates are made
what is a hydrogen bond?
a weak chemical bond between the positive charge on a hydrogen atom and a negative charge on the atom of an adjacent molecule
what is cellulose?
a polysaccharide formed by a condensation of beta glucose, containing only 1,4 glycosidic bonds
what is a dipeptide?
a molecule formed by the condensation of two amino acids joined together by peptide bonds
what is a monomer?
a smaller unit from which larger molecules are made
what do B cells differentiate into?
plasma cells
memory B cells
what is the primary response?
a specific immune response, involving B cells, to an antigen the body hasn't seen before
what is a carbohydrate?
a molecule formed of one or more monosaccharides
what is an ionic bond?
a moderate chemical bond formed by the attraction between two oppositely-charged ions
what is lactose?
a disaccharide formed by the condensation of a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule
what is a hydrolysis reaction?
a reaction that breaks a chemical bond between two molecules and uses a water molecule
starch and glycogen are insoluble in water. why does this make them good storage molecules?
it means they don't affect the water potential of the cell
what is cohesion?
when a positively charged hydrogen atom of one water molecule is attracted to the negatively charged oxygen atom of another water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond
what is a condensation reaction?
a reaction that forms a chemical bond between two molecules and eliminates a water molecule
starch and glycogen are polymers of glucose. why does this make them good storage molecule?
polymers of glucose are made from a large number of glucose monomers. this means they provide a large number of glucose monomers for respiration
what is glycogen?
a polysaccharide formed by condensation of alpha glucose, containing 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
what is a triglyceride?
a molecule formed by condensation, with ester bonds joining three fatty acids to a molecule of glycerol
what is a covalent bond?
a strong chemical bond where two atoms share a pare of electrons
what is a polymer?
a molecule made from a large number of monomers joined together
define hydrophilic
soluble in water
what is a saturated fatty acid?
a fatty acid with no double bonds between carbon atoms
how is the structure of DNA related to its function?
has a base sequence that allows it to store genetic information
it is large meaning it can store large amounts of genetic information
its helix shaped meaning it is compact
the sugar-phosphate backbone provides strength and protection
what is an unsaturated fatty acid?
A fatty acid with one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.
define simple diffusion
where particles simply diffuse through the membrane
what is a monomer?
a smaler unit from which larger molecules can be made
When cytotoxic T cell receptors bind to antigens on virus-infected body cells, they release a protein called perforin . This protein creates pores
in the cell surface membrane leading to cell death.
what is a phospholipid?
a molecule formed by condensation, with two fatty acids, and a phosphate group bonded to one molecule of glycerol
how do fatty acids enter a cell?
simple diffusion
why can fatty acids enter the cell by simple diffusion?
they're non-polar
they're lipid soluble
what is a polypeptide?
a polymer formed by the condensation of many amino acids
what is starch?
a polysaccharide formed by condensation of alpha glucose
what is a polysaccharide?
a molecule formed by the condensation of many monosaccharide molecules
what is sucrose?
a dissacharide formed by the condensation of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule
what is a disaccharide?
a molecule formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides
what are the steps for cell fractionation?
homogenisation
filtration
ultracentrifugation