Personality theories

• What is personality defined as in the study material?

  Stable and Enduring aspects of individuals which distinguish them from others making them unique and allows comparison
• How do personality traits distinguish individuals?

  They make individuals unique and comparable
• What are the key features of personality traits according to trait theories?

  • Underlying
  • Enduring
  • General
  • Include predisposition
• What does having enduring features in personality allow people to do?

  Predict how individuals act in situations
• What is the implication of being predisposed to act a certain way?

  It relates to neurological factors
• What are the main theories mentioned in trait theories?

  • Eysenck's trait theory
  • Five-factor model
  • Cattell's theory
• What does Eysenck's trait theory focus on?

  Three dimensions of personality
• How did Cattell measure personality traits?

  Using the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire
• What are the five factors in the Five-Factor Model?

  Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
• What does the Reticular Activating System (RAS) influence in personality?

  Levels of introversion and extraversion
• How does RAS activity affect extraversion?

  Increased RAS activity leads to extraversion
• What is the effect of RAS on introversion?

  Decreased RAS activity leads to introversion
• How have modern researchers approached the Five-Factor Model?

  • Reduced factors into fewer dimensions
  • Focused on core personality traits
• What does social learning theory emphasize about learning?

  Learning through observing others' behaviors
• How do individuals learn according to social learning theory?

  By watching others and the results of behaviors
• What is the main belief of social learning theory regarding behavior?

  Behavior is learned through observation
• What does the interactionist theory explain about personality?

  Personality is shaped by traits and environment
• Who proposed the martens structure of personality?

  Martens in 1977
• Who proposed the Hollander's sectors of personality?

  Hollander in 1971
• What does the core of behavior refer to in personality theories?

  It refers to internal consistent traits
• How do external dynamic factors influence personality according to the martini structure?

  They depend on experiences outside the core
• How does the interactionist theory view the relationship between traits and environment?

  It sees them as interconnected influences
• What is the significance of psychological basics in personality theories?

  They form the core of individual behavior
• What are the key components of the martens tructure of personality?

  • Mixture of trait and external influences
  • External and dynamic factors depend on outside experiences
  • Internal and comsistant depend on core traits under pressure
• How do social learning theory and interactionist theory differ in their approach to personality?

  • Social learning: Emphasizes learning through observation
  • Interactionist: Focuses on traits and environmental interactions