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biology unit 3
cells of the nervous system & neurotransmitters
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Cards (62)
What are the key components of the nervous system?
Nerve fibers
and
neurotransmitters
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What role do neurotransmitters play at synapses?
They relay signals across
synaptic clefts
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What is the function of glial cells?
Support and maintain
neurons
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What happens when diseases destroy nerve fibers?
It leads to loss of
coordination
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What is the structure of a neuron composed of?
Dendrites
,
cell body
, and axon
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How do sensory neurons function?
They carry
messages
from sense organs to
CNS
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What is the role of motor neurons?
Carry messages from
CNS
to
effectors
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What is a synapse?
A tiny gap between
neurons
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What is the function of myelin sheaths?
Insulate
axons
and increase
impulse
speed
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What occurs at the synapse during neurotransmission?
Neurotransmitters
are released and bind to
receptors
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What determines if a signal is excitatory or inhibitory?
The type of
receptors
on the
post-synaptic
neuron
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What is the reward pathway in the brain?
A
neural
pathway that reinforces beneficial behaviors
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What is drug addiction caused by?
Repeated use of drugs acting as
antagonists
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How does drug tolerance develop?
Through repeated use leading to
desensitization
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How do agonists affect neurotransmitter receptors?
They
stimulate
specific receptors in the nervous system
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What is the role of enzymes in neurotransmitter removal?
They break down
neurotransmitters
in the
synapse
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What is the effect of recreational drugs on neurotransmission?
They
alter
neurotransmission
in the
brain
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What happens to neurotransmitters after they transmit a signal?
They are either
degraded
or
reabsorbed
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How does addiction relate to neurotransmitter levels?
Addiction
leads to changes in
neurotransmitter sensitivity
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What is the significance of endorphins in the brain?
They are linked to
pain relief
and pleasure
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What is the function of dopamine in the reward pathway?
It reinforces behaviors that are
beneficial
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How do antagonists affect neurotransmitter receptors?
They
block
specific
receptors
from
activation
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What is the cumulative effect in neural pathways?
It refers to the summation of signals
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What is the role of vesicles in neurotransmission?
They store
neurotransmitters
for release
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What is the minimum number of neurotransmitters needed to trigger an impulse?
A sufficient amount to reach
threshold
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What is the effect of continuous stimulation on neurotransmitters?
It can lead to neurotransmitter
depletion
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How do recreational drugs affect mood and behavior?
They alter
neurotransmission
affecting mood
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What is the significance of the synaptic cleft?
It is the gap where
neurotransmitters
diffuse
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What is the role of mitochondria in neurons?
They provide energy for
neurotransmitter
release
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How does the body respond to stimulants?
By increasing
neurotransmitter
release
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What is the relationship between neurotransmitters and behavior?
Neurotransmitters
influence
mood and actions
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What is the impact of drug use on neurotransmitter systems?
It can lead to changes in
receptor sensitivity
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What is the effect of agonists on neurotransmitter receptors?
They enhance the
effects
of neurotransmitters
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How do neurotransmitters affect pain perception?
They can reduce the
intensity
of pain signals
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What is the significance of receptor sensitivity in addiction?
It determines the
craving
for more drugs
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What is the role of the presynaptic neuron?
It releases
neurotransmitters
into the
synapse
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What is the function of the post-synaptic neuron?
It receives signals from the
synapse
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How does the body regulate neurotransmitter levels?
Through
degradation
and
reuptake
mechanisms
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What is the cumulative effect of weak stimuli?
It can lead to a stronger overall
response
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What is the role of synaptic vesicles?
They store
neurotransmitters
for release
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See all 62 cards
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