Feminist Explanation

• What do other youth theories do the role of girls in subcultures?

  Ignore them (male-streaming)
• Which sociologists studied girls at the CCCS?


  McRobbie & Garber
• What restricted girls from participating in youth subcultures?

  • Lack of disposable income
  • marrying young
  • low-pay jobs
  • Parental restrictions
• What did societal/parental restrictions lead girls to form?


  Bedroom culture
• What is Bedroom culture?

  Girls meeting female friends in priv. spaces e.g. bedroom to discuss pop culture, fashion, make-up etc.
• What is the name of the culture discussed during Bedroom culture?


  Teenybopper culture
• What did Reddington argue?

  Fem. participation in subcultures has been ignored
• What is an example of fem. participation in subcultures being ignored?

  Vivienne Westwood in Punk sub.
• What term was used to refer to female punk performers/girlfriends of Punks that weren't taken seriously?

  Pillion passenger
• What is the actual meaning of 'pillion passenger'?


  Someone who sits on the back of a motorcycle
• According to D_____, W used Punk culture to TRANSGRESS gender + sexual hegemony. 


  Downes
• Punk subs were seen as dominated by which gender?

  Male
• McRobbie & Garber (1976) - The main focus of subcultural studies is '_____ness and ----ness'.

  'Whiteness and maleness'.
• Who argued that girls have less subcultural capital compared to boys?


  Thornton
• Which gender is more likely to follow mainstream youth culture ?

  Females
• Nowadays: Who argued that Bedroom culture was a thing of the past?

  Holland
• Nowadays: What difference did McRobbie observe in teen mags?

  Before: focussed on love/romance

  Now: focussed on self-confidence
• What were 'Riot Grrls'?

  Feminist punk movement, emerged in 1990's
• What messages did Riot Grrl bands have?

  • Openly feminist
  • Resistant to patriarchy
  • Promoting all-fem. spaces at gigs