aerobic respiration

• What is the first stage of aerobic respiration?

  Glycolysis
• Where do the link reaction and Krebs cycle occur?

  Mitochondrial matrix
• What must be transported from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrial matrix?

  Pyruvate and reduced NAD (NADH)
• What happens to pyruvate in the link reaction?

  It is oxidized into acetate
• What coenzyme is involved in the oxidation of pyruvate?

  NAD
• What is produced when pyruvate is oxidized?

  NADH and carbon dioxide
• What is the final product of the link reaction?

  Acetyl coenzyme A
• How many products are made from one round of the link reaction?

  One of each: acetyl coenzyme A, CO2, reduced NAD
• How many times does the link reaction occur for one glucose molecule?

  Twice
• What does acetyl coenzyme A combine with in the Krebs cycle?

  A four-carbon molecule
• What is released when the six-carbon molecule is converted to a four-carbon molecule in the Krebs cycle?

  Two carbon dioxide molecules
• What are the products of one round of the Krebs cycle?

  Three reduced NAD, one reduced FAD, one ATP, two CO2
• How many times does the Krebs cycle occur for one glucose molecule?

  Twice
• What are the key stages of the link reaction and Krebs cycle?

  • Link Reaction:
  • Pyruvate oxidized to acetate
  • NAD reduced to NADH
  • Acetate converted to acetyl coenzyme A
  • Krebs Cycle:
  • Acetyl coenzyme A combines with a four-carbon molecule
  • Produces ATP, reduced NAD, reduced FAD, and CO2
• What is the relationship between glycolysis, the link reaction, and the Krebs cycle?

  • Glycolysis produces pyruvate
  • Link reaction converts pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A
  • Krebs cycle utilizes acetyl coenzyme A to produce energy carriers and CO2
• What are the roles of NAD and FAD in the Krebs cycle?

  • NAD and FAD are reduced to carry electrons
  • They pick up hydrogen atoms during redox reactions
  • They help in energy production through oxidative phosphorylation