Vygotsky

• How did Vygotsky view children in terms of development?

  As curious, problem-solving beings
• What is Vygotsky's view on teaching compared to discovery learning?

  Teaching is necessary for children's development
• What did Vygotsky say about a child's abilities with assistance?

  They can do more with assistance today
• How did Piaget describe the role of teaching in a child's learning?

  It prevents children from inventing knowledge
• How did Piaget and Vygotsky differ in their views of children?

  Piaget saw them as scientists; Vygotsky as apprentices
• What role do more knowledgeable others (MKOs) play in Vygotsky's theory?

  They are crucial for children's intellectual development
• How does culture affect a child's development according to Vygotsky?

  Intellectual development is culturally dependent
• What did Vygotsky believe about language in relation to cognitive development?

  Language drives cognitive development
• What is egocentric speech according to Vygotsky?

  Talking to oneself while solving a problem
• What happens to egocentric speech over time?

  It becomes internalized thinking
• What does the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) represent?

  The gap between actual and potential development
• How does interaction with MKOs affect a child's understanding in the ZPD?

  It extends their current understanding
• What is scaffolding in Vygotsky's theory?

  Support provided by MKOs in the ZPD
• How should scaffolding be adjusted according to Vygotsky?

  It should be gradually withdrawn as needed
• What was the aim of Freund's Dolls House Study?

  • Investigate effectiveness of discovery vs. guided learning
  • Children helped a puppet place furniture
  • Assessed learning through a complex sorting task
• What were the results of Freund's Dolls House Study?

  Children with mothers performed better
• What did Wood and Middleton's study involve?

  • 4-year-olds used blocks to create a model
  • Mothers provided varied support during the task
  • Children succeeded when given appropriate support
• What was the outcome of Wood and Middleton's study?

  Children constructed the model with support
• What did Sinclair De-Zwart's study demonstrate?

  • Introduced language to help order rods
  • Found no improvement in ordering ability
  • Language did not drive the child's ability
• What conclusion can be drawn from Sinclair De-Zwart's findings?

  Teaching language did not improve ordering skills