rDNA technology

• recombinant dna - combines genetic material from at least 2 different species
• mutation - genetic error
• palindromic sequence - the same even if placed backwards
• molecular Coding - can separate two genes
• steps in rDNA tech.:

  1. cut DNA - using restriction enzymes
  2. paste DNA to vectors - the most common vector is plasmid, stick using DNA ligase
  3. transform DNA - using heat shock
  4. select bacteria that has been transformed - use antibiotics to kill bacteria w/o plasmid
  5. screen the resulting colonies - transcription, translation
• Restriction Enzymes - used to CUT DNA, Defensive mechanism for other viruses/bacteria, invented by bacteria
• Methylase - A layer in E. Coli that protects it from restriction enzymes
• Vector - vehicle that carries DNA/Gene into a host cell
• DNA Ligase - “glue” that inserts the gene of interest into the plasmid
• Heat shock - response of a cell when exposed to high temperature
• • The human genome is measured through the number of nitrogeneous bases
  • Genome - 3 BILLION bases
  • Gene - 30K bases
  • DNA to Gene to Chromosome to Genome