psychology- social learning theory

• Who is a key theorist associated with Social Learning Theory?

  Albert Bandura
• What do social learning theorists argue about human behavior?

  It requires recognizing learning as a cognitive process
• What is the term for learning by observing others being rewarded?

  Vicarious reinforcement
• Who are referred to as models in Social Learning Theory?

  • Individuals we observe and emulate
  • Live models: parents, friends, family
  • Symbolic models: characters from media
• What happens when we witness someone punished for a behavior?

  We are less likely to adopt that behavior
• What factors increase the likelihood of imitating a model?

  Similar characteristics like gender and age
• Why is attention important in the learning process?

  It allows individuals to focus on specific behaviors
• What are the four mediational processes in Social Learning Theory?

  Attention, retention, reproduction, motivation
• What does retention refer to in Social Learning Theory?

  The ability to remember observed behaviors
• What is reproduction in the context of Social Learning Theory?

  Belief in one's ability to replicate behavior
• How does motivation influence behavior imitation?

  It is influenced by expected outcomes
• Why do individuals not automatically mimic every behavior they observe?

  If any mediational process is missing
• What was the purpose of Bandura's 1961 experiment?

  To test modeling and imitation concepts
• What were the two groups in Bandura's experiment exposed to?

  Aggressive and non-aggressive adult models
• What did Bandura's findings reveal about children exposed to aggression?

  They were more likely to be aggressive themselves
• How did boys respond to observing male versus female aggressive models?

  Boys were more likely to mimic male models
• What did Bandura's 1963 variation study involve?

  Children exposed to different types of aggressive models
• What was the outcome of Bandura's 1963 variation study?

  Comparable aggression levels across all model types
• What did the 1965 variation study focus on?

  Vicarious reinforcement and punishment effects
• What did the findings of the 1965 variation study indicate?

  Children punished displayed less aggression
• What are the strengths of Bandura's Bobo doll study?

  • High internal validity due to controlled setting
  • Matched pairs design controlled participant variables
  • Equal mix of aggressive children in groups
• What is a limitation of Bandura's research regarding social learning?

  It only demonstrated short-term social learning
• What is a concern regarding the ecological validity of Bandura's study?

  Lab aggression may not reflect real-world scenarios
• What is a critique regarding the inferences made from Bandura's study?

  Mediating cognitive factors may be overestimated
• What is an advantage of Social Learning Theory over behaviorism?

  • Less reductionist approach
  • Acknowledges consciousness and rationality
  • Provides a more valid understanding of complex behaviors
• What does "reciprocal determinism" in Social Learning Theory imply?

  Behavior influences and is influenced by the environment
• How can a child's study habits influence their environment?

  By achieving good grades and receiving praise
• What is the significance of positive feedback in reciprocal determinism?

  It motivates further effort from the child