procedure

• • Participants: 50 male undergraduate students from the United States.
• • Task: Match the length of a standard line to one of three comparison lines (correct answer was obvious).
• • Group Setup: 1 real participant with 7 confederates in each group.
• • Confederates gave predetermined answers, including incorrect ones during 12 of the 18 trials (critical trials).
• • The real participant answered second to last, exposed to the group's answers first.
• • Control condition: Participants completed the task alone without confederates.
• • Post-experiment interviews explored reasons for participant responses.