A01

• What is the primary aim of science?

  To discover general laws
• How does science build knowledge?

  Through systematic and objective measurement
• Who questioned the value of introspection in psychology?

  John B. Watson
• Why was introspection criticized by behaviourists?

  It produced subjective data, not objective
• What did behaviourists focus on in their studies?

  Observable and measurable behaviors
• What was the dominant approach in scientific psychology for 50 years?

  The behaviourist approach
• What metaphor did cognitive psychologists use in the 1950s?

  The mind as a computer
• What did cognitive psychologists study using experiments?

  Memory and attention
• What technological advances have benefited the biological approach?

  fMRI and EEG scanning techniques
• What does the biological approach investigate?

  Physiological processes as they happen
• How has genetic testing contributed to psychology?

  It helps understand genes and behavior relationships
• What are the key developments in the evolution of psychological approaches from the 1900s to the 1980s?

  • 1900s: Behaviourists focus on observable behaviors
  • 1950s: Cognitive approach likens mind to a computer
  • 1980s: Biological approach uses technology to study physiology