A01

• What do determinist approaches suggest about behavior?

  Behavior is shaped by uncontrollable forces
• How does the cognitive approach view choice in thoughts?

  Choice is constrained by cognitive limits
• What is the main claim of humanistic psychology regarding free will?

  Humans are self-determining with free will
• What do humanistic psychologists believe about external and internal influences?

  People are active agents despite influences
• Who are two prominent humanistic psychologists?

  Rogers and Maslow
• What do humanistic psychologists reject in their approach?

  Scientific models establishing general principles
• What is the person-centred approach in psychology?

  • Focuses on subjective experience
  • Emphasizes individual uniqueness
  • Rejects general laws of behavior
• What did Abraham Maslow contribute to psychology?

  He founded the humanistic movement
• What motivates human behavior according to Maslow?

  A hierarchy of needs
• What is the primary goal in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

  Self-actualization
• What are physiological needs in Maslow's hierarchy?

  Basic needs like food and water
• Why would hunger affect essay writing?

  It hinders focus and cognitive function
• What is the sequence of needs in Maslow's hierarchy?

  Physiological, safety, love, self-esteem, self-actualization
• What must be met before self-actualization can occur?

  All four lower deficiency needs
• How do humanistic psychologists view personal growth?

  As essential to being human
• What can prevent a person from reaching their potential?

  Psychological barriers
• What did Carl Rogers argue is necessary for personal growth?

  Congruence between self-concept and ideal self
• What happens if there is a gap between self-concept and ideal self?

  It leads to incongruence and negative feelings
• What is client-centred therapy designed to do?

  Help reduce the gap between selves
• What does Rogers believe about childhood experiences and self-worth?

  They root issues like low self-esteem
• What are conditions of worth according to Rogers?

  Limits on parental love based on behavior
• What role does unconditional positive regard play in therapy?

  It helps clients overcome childhood issues