A01

• What is the main question of the free will-determinism debate?


  Is behavior due to free will or determinism?
• How do most psychological approaches view behavior?

  They are determinist to some extent.
• What do different psychological approaches disagree on regarding behavior?

  The precise causes of human behavior.
• What does the biological approach suggest about the causes of behavior?

  Causes are internal, influenced by nature or nurture.
• What does the behaviorist approach suggest about the causes of behavior?

  Causes are external influences.
• What concept does the humanistic approach embrace?

  The concept of free will.
• What does the notion of free will imply about human beings?

  They are self-determining and can choose actions.
• How does belief in free will relate to biological and environmental forces?

  It acknowledges their influence but allows rejection.
• What is hard determinism sometimes referred to as?

  Fatalism.
• What does hard determinism suggest about human behavior?

  All behavior has a cause that can be identified.
• What is the position of soft determinism according to William James?

  We can make rational choices despite influences.
• What does biological determinism emphasize?

  The role of biological factors in behavior.
• How does environmental determinism view free will?

  It describes free will as an illusion.
• What did B.F. Skinner argue about behavior?

  All behavior results from conditioning.
• How did Sigmund Freud view free will?

  He believed it is an illusion influenced by drives.
• What does Freud say about accidents in behavior?

  There are no accidents; everything has a cause.
• What is a basic principle of science regarding events?

  Every event has a cause that can be explained.
• Why is knowledge of causes important in psychology?

  It allows prediction and control of events.
• What is the ideal method in psychology for demonstrating causal relationships?

  The lab experiment.
• How is a lab experiment similar to a test tube in other sciences?

  It controls all variables to demonstrate causality.