A03

Cards (19)

  • What is one strength of research into the nature-nurture debate?
    Use of adoption studies
  • Why are adoption studies useful in the nature-nurture debate?
    They separate influences of nature and nurture
  • What does it suggest if adopted children resemble their adoptive parents?
    The environment is the bigger influence
  • What does it suggest if adopted children resemble their biological parents?
    Genetic factors are presumed to dominate
  • What percentage of variance in aggression is accounted for by genetic influences according to Rhee and Waldman (2002)?
    41%
  • What does the research by Robert Plomin (1994) suggest about nature and nurture?
    They cannot be simply pulled apart
  • How does a naturally aggressive child influence their environment according to Plomin?
    By selecting similar companions
  • What term does Plomin use to describe the process of children selecting environments that suit their nature?
    Niche-picking
  • What does the evidence suggest about looking at nature or nurture separately?
    It does not make sense
  • What is another strength of the nature-nurture debate mentioned in the text?
    Support for epigenetics
  • What historical event is used to illustrate epigenetic effects?
    The Dutch Hunger Winter
  • What was the outcome for babies born to women pregnant during the Dutch Hunger Winter?
    Higher likelihood of developing schizophrenia
  • What do epigenetic markers suggest about previous generations' experiences?
    They influence the health of offspring
  • What is a further strength of the nature-nurture debate mentioned in the text?
    Real-world application
  • What mental disorder is mentioned as being highly heritable?
    OCD
  • What heritability rate for OCD did Nestadt et al. (2010) report?
    0.76
  • How can understanding OCD heritability inform genetic counseling?
    It helps assess likelihood of developing OCD
  • What advice can individuals with a high genetic risk of OCD receive?
    Learn to manage stress
  • Why is the nature-nurture debate important at a practical level?
    It helps understand interaction between nature and nurture