Drug Development and Testing - Clinical Trials #45

• What are the two main uses of drugs mentioned in the video?

  Relieve symptoms and help cure diseases
• Why have microorganisms and plants been important in drug development?

  They produce substances that kill pathogens
• What is aspirin originally developed from?

  A chemical in willow tree bark
• What is digitalis used to treat?

  Heart problems like heart failure
• What was the significance of foxgloves in drug development?

  They were valuable and nearly went extinct
• Who discovered penicillin?

  Alexander Fleming
• How did Fleming discover penicillin?

  By observing fungus killing bacteria in a dish
• What are the three main aspects to consider when testing drugs?

  Efficacy, toxicity, and dosage
• What does efficacy refer to in drug testing?

  How well the drug produces the desired effect
• What does toxicity refer to in drug testing?

  How harmful the drug is to the body
• What does dosage refer to in drug testing?

  The amount or concentration of the drug given
• What is the first stage of drug testing?

  Testing on human cells and tissues in a lab
• What is a downside of testing drugs on human cells in a lab?

  It doesn't show effects on entire organisms
• Why are live animals used in drug testing?

  To assess efficacy and toxicity in mammals
• What types of mammals must drugs be tested on in the UK?

  Two different types like mice and rabbits
• What are the first two stages of drug testing classified as?

  Pre-clinical testing
• What is the purpose of clinical testing?

  To test the drug on humans for safety
• What is the first step in clinical testing?

  Giving the drug to healthy volunteers
• What is the aim of increasing the dose during clinical testing?

  To find the maximum dosage before side effects
• What is the goal of finding the optimum dosage?

  Maximize efficacy while minimizing toxicity
• What is a placebo?

  A substance that looks like the drug but has no effect
• Why are clinical trials conducted as blind or double-blind?

  To avoid unconscious bias in reporting results
• What happens after drug testing is complete?

  The results are peer-reviewed by other scientists
• Why is peer review important in drug testing?

  It checks for fairness and prevents false claims
• What should viewers do if they like longer videos?

  Let the creators know in the comments