How are Proteins Made? - Explained #66

• What is the process of making proteins called?

  Protein synthesis
• What are the two main steps of protein synthesis?

  • Transcription
  • Translation
• What happens during transcription?

  A gene of DNA is copied into mRNA
• What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

  It carries the genetic code to ribosomes
• Where is the genetic material of a cell contained?

  In the nucleus
• Why is DNA essential to life?

  It contains thousands of genes
• What do genes code for?

  A specific sequence of amino acids
• What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

  They read mRNA to produce proteins
• Why can't DNA leave the nucleus?

  Because it is too large
• What does mRNA stand for?

  Messenger RNA
• How does mRNA differ from DNA?

  It is shorter and single-stranded
• What base does mRNA contain instead of thymine?

  Uracil
• What is the process of transcription?

  1. RNA polymerase binds to DNA
  2. DNA strands separate
  3. RNA polymerase reads DNA bases
  4. mRNA strand is formed
  5. mRNA leaves the nucleus
• What is the template strand in transcription?

  The DNA strand used to make mRNA
• What is a triplet or codon?

  A group of three bases coding for amino acids
• How many different amino acids do cells use?

  20 different amino acids
• What does the triplet 'agu' code for?

  The amino acid serine
• What is the role of tRNA in translation?

  It brings amino acids to the ribosome
• What is an anticodon?

  A sequence of three bases on tRNA
• How does tRNA ensure the correct amino acid is brought to the ribosome?

  By matching its anticodon to mRNA codon
• What happens during translation?

  1. mRNA binds to ribosome
  2. tRNA brings amino acids
  3. Ribosome joins amino acids together
  4. Amino acid chain forms a protein
• What happens to the amino acid chain after translation?

  It folds to form a protein
• What is the final product of protein synthesis?

  A folded protein chain
• What are the key components involved in protein synthesis?

  • DNA
  • mRNA
  • Ribosomes
  • tRNA
  • Amino acids
• What is the purpose of the ribosome in translation?

  To build proteins from amino acids
• What is the significance of the order of amino acids in a protein?

  It determines the protein's structure and function