Filtration, Evaporation & Crystallisation

• What are the techniques used to separate solids from liquids?

  Filtration, evaporation, and crystallization
• What is a mixture of a liquid and an insoluble solid called?

  A mixture
• What do we call a liquid with a soluble solid dissolved in it?

  A solution
• In the context of solutions, what is sodium chloride referred to?

  Solute
• What is the role of water in a solution of sodium chloride?

  Solvent
• How does filtration work in separating solids from liquids?

  It uses filter paper to trap solids
• What is the purpose of filter paper in filtration?

  To allow liquids to pass through
• What happens to a soluble solid in a liquid during filtration?

  It cannot be filtered out
• What are the two options for separating a soluble solid from a liquid?

  Evaporation or crystallization
• What is the first step in the evaporation process?

  Place the solution in an evaporating dish
• What is used to heat the solution during evaporation?

  A Bunsen burner
• What happens to the solution as it is heated during evaporation?

  The solvent starts to evaporate
• What is a benefit of evaporation in separating solids?

  It is quick and easy
• What is thermal decomposition?

  Breaking down solids when heated
• What technique is used for solids that decompose when heated?

  Crystallization
• What is the first step in the crystallization process?

  Heat the solution gently
• What happens as the solution cools during crystallization?

  More crystals start to form
• How are crystals separated from the remaining solution in crystallization?

  Using filter paper and funnel
• What is the final step after filtering crystals in crystallization?

  Dry the crystals
• What can be done to dry the crystals after crystallization?

  Leave them somewhere warm
• What is one method to dry crystals in an oven?

  Warm them up gently
• What are the steps involved in the evaporation process to separate a soluble solid from a liquid?

  1. Place solution in an evaporating dish
  2. Heat with a Bunsen burner
  3. Solvent evaporates, concentrating the solution
  4. Crystals form as solution becomes saturated
  5. Dry the remaining crystals
• What are the steps involved in the crystallization process to separate a soluble solid from a liquid?

  1. Place solution in an evaporation dish
  2. Heat gently, possibly using a water bath
  3. Stop heating when crystals start forming
  4. Allow solution to cool for more crystals
  5. Filter out crystals using filter paper
  6. Dry the crystals by warming or leaving warm