Metals and Non-Metals

• Where are most elements found on the periodic table?

  Towards the bottom left
• What is a key feature of metals?

  They form positive ions when reacting
• What ion does calcium form?

  Calcium two plus ion
• How do non-metals typically behave in terms of ion formation?

  They either don't form ions or form negative ions
• What is the electron arrangement of calcium?

  Two electrons in its outer shell
• Why is it easier for calcium to form a positive ion?

  It has few electrons in its outer shell
• Why doesn't chlorine easily form a positive ion?

  It would require a lot of energy to lose seven electrons
• How does the reactivity of metals change on the periodic table?

  It increases towards the bottom of the table
• What is the number of shells in lead (Pb)?

  Six shells
• Why do metals further down the group become more reactive?

  Electrons are farther from the nucleus
• What type of bonding do all metals have?

  Metallic bonding
• What are the physical properties of metals?

  • Strong metallic bonds
  • Malleable and ductile
  • Good conductors of heat and electricity
  • High melting and boiling points
  • Shiny appearance
  • Sonorous (create ringing sound)
• How do non-metals differ from metals in terms of appearance?

  Non-metals tend to be dull in color
• What is a characteristic of non-metals regarding their physical state at room temperature?

  Many are gaseous at room temperature
• How do non-metals conduct electricity compared to metals?

  They are poor conductors of electricity
• What is a property of transition metals?

  They can form more than one ion
• What is a practical feature of transition metals?

  They make very good catalysts
• What is a catalyst?

  Substances that increase reaction rates without being used up
• What catalyst is used in the hydrogenation of alkenes?

  Nickel
• What are the differences between metals and non-metals in terms of physical properties?

  Metals:

  • Shiny, malleable, ductile
  • High melting and boiling points
  • Good conductors of heat and electricity

  
  

  Non-metals:

  • Dull, brittle
  • Low melting and boiling points
  • Poor conductors of electricity