What is Ionic Bonding?

• What type of bond do particles form through ionic bonding?

  Ionic bonds
• What are ions formed from?

  Atoms losing or gaining electrons
• What happens to a sodium atom to form a sodium ion?

  It loses one electron
• Why does a sodium atom need to lose an electron?

  To achieve a full outer shell
• What charge does a sodium ion have?

  One plus
• How does chlorine become a chloride ion?

  It gains one electron
• What do we call the force that attracts oppositely charged ions?

  Ionic bond
• What is the strength of an ionic bond compared to covalent bonds?

  Similar in strength
• What is a dot and cross diagram used for?

  To represent ionic bonding
• How do we differentiate electrons in a dot and cross diagram?

  Dots for one atom, crosses for another
• What should be shown to indicate the movement of electrons in a diagram?

  An arrow
• What is the outermost shell of an atom?

  The valence shell
• What are the steps to draw a dot and cross diagram for magnesium chloride (MgCl₂)?

  1. Identify reactants: magnesium and two chlorines.
  2. Draw outermost shells of magnesium and chlorines.
  3. Show electron transfer from magnesium to chlorines.
  4. Represent resulting ions: Mg²⁺ and Cl^-.
  5. Arrange ions as they would be in a compound.
• How many outer electrons does magnesium have?

  Two outer electrons
• How many electrons does each chlorine need to complete its outer shell?

  One electron
• What happens to magnesium when it forms an ion?

  It becomes a magnesium two plus ion
• How are the chloride ions arranged around the magnesium ion in a dot and cross diagram?

  On either side of the magnesium ion
• What is the formula for magnesium chloride?

  MgCl₂
• Why do electrons move from metals to non-metals in ionic bonding?

  To achieve full outer shells
• What is the significance of square brackets in ionic diagrams?

  They indicate the ions' charges
• What is the charge of a chloride ion?

  One minus
• How do ionic compounds differ from covalent compounds in terms of bonding?

  Ionic compounds involve electron transfer
• What is the role of electrostatic forces in ionic bonding?

  They attract oppositely charged ions
• What is the visual representation of ionic bonding called?

  Dot and cross diagram
• What should you do if asked to draw only the outermost shell in a dot and cross diagram?

  Draw only the outermost electrons