Phenols

Cards (39)

  • What are phenols derivatives of?
    Benzene
  • What is the general formula for phenols?
    Ar-OH
  • How are phenols classified?
    By the number of hydroxyl groups
  • What is the simplest member of the phenol series?
    Phenol
  • What is the chemical formula for phenol?
    C6H5OH
  • What is another name for 1,2-dihydroxybenzene?
    Catechol
  • What is the chemical name for 3-methylphenol?
    m-Cresol
  • What is the chemical name for 1,3-dihydroxybenzene?
    Resorcinol
  • What is the chemical name for 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene?
    Pyrogallol
  • How are phenols prepared?
    By methods different from alcohols
  • What is the major source of phenols?
    Petrochemical industry
  • How is cumene hydroperoxide obtained?
    By autoxidation of cumene
  • What is the melting point of phenol?
    43°C
  • What is the boiling point of phenol?
    182°C
  • How soluble is phenol in water at 0°C?
    29 g per 100 g of water
  • What happens to phenol when it contains 5% water?
    It becomes liquid at room temperature
  • How does phenol's acidity compare to alcohols and carboxylic acids?
    More acidic than alcohols, less than carboxylic acids
  • What explains the acidity of phenol?
    Resonance theory
  • What is the ionization of phenol?
    An equilibrium reaction
  • How does the ionization of alcohol differ from phenol?
    Alcohol is represented by a single structure
  • How do substituents affect the acidity of phenols?
    Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity
  • What is the effect of a nitro group on phenol's acidity?
    Increases acidity significantly
  • How does the position of a nitro group affect acidity?
    Ortho and para positions increase acidity more
  • How do electron-releasing groups affect phenol's acidity?
    Decrease acidity by destabilizing phenoxide ion
  • Why is phenol stable in the hydroxy form?
    Stability of the benzene ring is maintained
  • Why do phenols not react with hydrogen halides?
    Protonated phenol does not form carbocation
  • What is Kolbe's reaction?
    Aromatic substitution involving phenol and CO2
  • What product is obtained from Kolbe's reaction?
    Sodium salicylate
  • What is the mechanism of Kolbe's reaction?
    CO2 acts as an electrophile
  • What is the Reimer-Tiemann reaction?
    Formation of ortho- and para-hydroxybenzaldehydes
  • What is the role of dichlorocarbene in the Reimer-Tiemann reaction?
    It attacks the phenoxide ion
  • What is the major product of the Reimer-Tiemann reaction?
    o-Hydroxybenzaldehyde
  • What are some uses of phenol?
    Manufacture of drugs and antiseptics
  • What is the characteristic smell of phenol?
    It has a distinct odor
  • What happens in the Ferric chloride test with phenol?
    It gives a violet coloration
  • What precipitate forms when phenol reacts with bromine water?
    Tribromophenol
  • What is phenolphthalein used for?
    As an indicator in acid-base reactions
  • What color does phenolphthalein turn in alkaline conditions?
    Pink
  • What happens when phenol is heated with phthalic anhydride?
    Phenolphthalein is obtained