Allotropes - Graphene and Fullerenes

• What are the allotropes of carbon discussed in the video?

  Graphene and fullerenes
• What are allotropes?

  Different structural forms of the same element
• What is the physical state of the allotropes discussed?

  Solid carbon
• How is graphite structured?

  Made up of layers known as graphene
• What is the structure of graphene?

  Multiple repeating hexagons of carbon
• Why is graphene strong?

  Each carbon is bonded to three others
• What property allows graphene to conduct electricity?

  Delocalized pool of electrons
• Where can graphene be naturally obtained from?

  Graphite in the ground
• What have scientists started to do with graphene?

  Make tubes and other structures
• What shapes can fullerenes take?

  Spheres and tubes
• How can fullerenes be used in drug delivery?

  They act like a cage around drugs
• Why are fullerenes useful as industrial catalysts?

  They have a large surface area to volume ratio
• What are carbon nanotubes used for?

  Nanotechnology and electronics
• How do carbon nanotubes strengthen materials?

  High length to diameter ratio
• What is the first fullerene made?

  Buckminsterfullerene
• What is the formula for buckminsterfullerene?

  C$_{60}$
• What is the term for technology using tiny structures?

  Nanotechnology
• In which industries is nanotechnology being used?

  Medicine, batteries, food, and fashion
• What are the main uses of fullerenes?

  • Drug delivery systems
  • Industrial catalysts
  • Strengthening materials
  • Applications in nanotechnology and electronics
• What are the key characteristics of graphene and fullerenes?

  • Graphene: strong, conductive, layered structure
  • Fullerenes: hollow shapes, large surface area, versatile applications