Self report Techniques and Design

• What do self-report techniques involve?

  Methods for individuals to express opinions
• What are the two types of non-experimental investigations in self-report techniques?

  Questionnaires and interviews
• What is a questionnaire?

  • Assesses thoughts or experiences
  • Involves written questions
• What is an interview?

  • Live encounter
  • Involves questions from interviewer
• What type of data do open questions in questionnaires collect?

  Qualitative data
• What is a strength of open questions in questionnaires?

  Rich in depth and detail
• What is a limitation of open questions in questionnaires?

  Difficult to convert to statistical data
• What type of data do closed questions in questionnaires collect?

  Quantitative data
• What is a strength of closed questions in questionnaires?

  Easy to analyze data
• What is a limitation of closed questions in questionnaires?

  Lack of depth and detail
• What is a Likert scale?

  A scale indicating agreement with a statement
• What is a rating scale?

  A scale for identifying strength of feeling
• What is a fixed choice scale?

  A scale with a list of options to choose from
• What are the strengths and limitations of questionnaires?

  Strengths:

  • Cost-effective
  • Gathers large amounts of data quickly
  • Researcher presence not needed
  • Easy to analyze
  • Anonymous responses encourage openness

  
  

  Limitations:

  • Target population may not be reached
  • Time-consuming to design
  • Validity issues due to biases
  • Participant bias from various factors
  • Response bias like acquiescence bias
• What factors should be considered when constructing questionnaires?

  • Clarity of questions
  • Avoid jargon and biases
  • Sequencing of questions
  • Use of filler questions
  • Conducting a pilot study
• What is a strength of structured interviews?

  Standardisation is possible
• What is a limitation of structured interviews?

  Interviewer bias can occur
• What is an unstructured interview?

  Interview without predetermined questions
• What is a strength of unstructured interviews?

  Collects lots of data with depth
• What is a structured interview?

  Interview with predetermined questions
• What is a limitation of unstructured interviews?

  Difficult to make comparisons between participants
• What are semi-structured interviews?

  • Most questions are predetermined
  • Interviewer can ask follow-up questions