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Paper 3
Schizophrenia
Interactionist approach
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Cards (47)
What biological component is indicated in schizophrenia research?
Genes
or
biochemistry
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How many genetic variations did Ripke et al. find associated with schizophrenia risk?
108
separate genetic variations
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What systems are likely linked to genetic factors in schizophrenia?
Faulty
dopaminergic
systems
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What was the concordance rate for MZ twins found by Joseph (2004)?
40.4%
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What was the concordance rate for DZ twins found by Joseph (2004)?
7.4%
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What does a high concordance rate in twins suggest about schizophrenia?
It supports a
genetic component
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What does the fact that over half of identical twins do not both have schizophrenia suggest?
Environmental factors
may trigger the disorder
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What does the diathesis-stress model argue about stress?
It is
psychological
in nature
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What has recent research focused on regarding stress and schizophrenia?
Cannabis
use and its effects
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How much can cannabis use increase the risk of schizophrenia?
Up to
7
times
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What is the interactionist approach in treating schizophrenia?
Combines
biological
and
psychological
causes
Uses different therapies for treatment
Commonly combines
antipsychotic medication
with CBT
Treatment varies based on patient circumstances
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Why is it ineffective to combine drugs with family therapy for some patients?
If the patient has little contact with
relatives
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What do Turkington et al. (2006) argue about treating schizophrenia?
Biological
causes can still be treated
psychologically
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What is the common practice in Britain regarding antipsychotic drugs?
Given first to
reduce
symptoms
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How does the USA's approach to schizophrenia treatment differ from Britain's?
Typically offers
medication
without psychological treatments
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Is it common for either country to offer CBT without medication?
No
, it is
rare
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What is a limitation of the original diathesis-stress model?
Its
simplicity
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Why is the original diathesis-stress model considered too simplistic?
It claimed a single
schizogene
and stressor
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What did Houston et al. (2008) find regarding childhood sexual trauma?
It
increased risk
when using
cannabis
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What does the modern understanding of the diathesis-stress model include?
Both
biological
and
psychological
factors
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What was the aim of Tienari's (2004) study?
To study
genetic vulnerabilities
and
psychological triggers
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How many women’s hospital records did Tienari review?
Nearly
20,000
women
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What was the time frame of the hospital admissions reviewed by Tienari?
1960
to
1979
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How many children were identified in the high-risk group?
145
children
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What was the matched sample size in the low-risk group?
158
adoptees
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What type of study was conducted by Tienari?
A
longitudinal study
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How were the adoptees assessed in Tienari's study?
By a
blind psychiatrist
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What factors were associated with the development of schizophrenia in Tienari's findings?
High
criticism,
hostility
, and low empathy
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In which group were the negative factors associated with schizophrenia found?
High genetic risk group
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What does Tienari's study suggest about developing schizophrenia?
Genetic vulnerability
and
family stress
are needed
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What was the original claim about the diathesis in the diathesis-stress model?
A single
schizogene
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What was the original stressor in the diathesis-stress model?
Dysfunctional
parenting
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What does the modern diathesis-stress model recognize about stressors?
There are many types of stressors
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What is the significance of the findings from Houston et al. (2008)?
They show interaction of
biological
and
psychological
factors
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What is the real-world application of the theory discussed?
It is used for
treatments
.
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What combination of treatments is suggested to be more effective?
Antipsychotic
medication with
CBT
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Who conducted the research on treatment effectiveness?
Tarrier et al
(
2004
)
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How many participants were randomly allocated in the study?
315
participants
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What were the three conditions in the study?
Medication and CBT
, medication and counselling, medication only
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What was the outcome for the first two conditions after the trial?
Both showed lower
symptoms
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