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2.6 Cell cycle and cell division
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Ellie Mitchell
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Cards (55)
What is the role of mitosis and the cell cycle?
To produce identical
daughter cells
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Why does mitosis not give rise to genetic variation?
All cells produced are
genetically
identical
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What are the three stages of the cell cycle?
Mitosis
,
cytokinesis
, interphase
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What controls the cell cycle?
Checkpoints
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What are the four stages of mitosis?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
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What happens during cytokinesis?
The
cytoplasm
divides, forming two
daughter cells
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What occurs during interphase?
The
cell
grows and prepares to divide
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What happens to the nuclear envelope during prophase?
It breaks down and
disappears
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What is the role of centrioles during prophase?
They move to opposite poles for
spindle
formation
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Where do chromosomes move during metaphase?
To the
equator
of the cell
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How do chromosomes attach to spindle fibers during metaphase?
Via
centromeres
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What happens to sister chromatids during anaphase?
They are separated
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What occurs during telophase?
The
nuclear envelope
reforms around
daughter cells
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What is the main role of meiosis?
Production of
haploid
gametes
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How does meiosis contribute to genetic variation?
Through
crossing over
and independent assortment
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How many haploid gametes are produced from meiosis?
Four
haploid gametes
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What happens during meiosis I?
Homologous chromosomes
separate
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What occurs during prophase I of meiosis?
Synapsis and crossing over of
homologous chromosomes
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What aligns at the equator during metaphase I?
Each pair of
bivalents
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What is random assortment during metaphase I?
Random positioning of
bivalents
at the
equator
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What happens during anaphase I?
Homologous chromosomes
separate
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What occurs during telophase I?
The
nuclear envelope
reforms around
haploid nuclei
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What happens during meiosis II?
Another round of
cell division
occurs
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What is the result of anaphase II?
Centromeres
split, separating
chromatids
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What are the types of tissues and their functions?
Xylem
: Transport water and minerals
Phloem
: Translocate food substances
Epithelial
: Lining surfaces
Connective
: Provide support
Muscle
: Specialized for movement
Nervous
: Impulse conduction
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What is the function of xylem tissue?
Transport
water
and minerals, provide support
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What is the role of phloem tissue?
Movement of food
substances
and nutrients
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What are the two types of epithelial tissue?
Squamous
and
ciliated
epithelium
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What is the function of ciliated epithelium?
Move
mucus
along
respiratory tracts
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What is the role of connective tissue?
Provide support and hold
structures
together
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What is the function of muscle tissue?
Specialized for movement through
contraction
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What is the role of nervous tissue?
Specialized for
impulse conduction
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What are stem cells?
Undifferentiated
cells with
developmental
potential
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What is differentiation?
Process by which a cell
specializes
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Where are stem cells found in the body?
In the
bone marrow
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What is the role of erythrocytes?
Transport
oxygen
in the blood
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What is the role of neutrophils?
Attack and destroy
foreign
microorganisms
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How do plants retain their ability to differentiate?
Through
meristems
throughout their life
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What are sperm cells?
Male
gametes
made in the
testes
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What is the function of palisade cells?
Specialized for
photosynthesis
with
chloroplasts
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See all 55 cards
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