2.6 Cell cycle and cell division

    Cards (55)

    • What is the role of mitosis and the cell cycle?
      To produce identical daughter cells
    • Why does mitosis not give rise to genetic variation?
      All cells produced are genetically identical
    • What are the three stages of the cell cycle?
      Mitosis, cytokinesis, interphase
    • What controls the cell cycle?
      Checkpoints
    • What are the four stages of mitosis?
      • Prophase
      • Metaphase
      • Anaphase
      • Telophase
    • What happens during cytokinesis?
      The cytoplasm divides, forming two daughter cells
    • What occurs during interphase?
      The cell grows and prepares to divide
    • What happens to the nuclear envelope during prophase?
      It breaks down and disappears
    • What is the role of centrioles during prophase?
      They move to opposite poles for spindle formation
    • Where do chromosomes move during metaphase?
      To the equator of the cell
    • How do chromosomes attach to spindle fibers during metaphase?
      Via centromeres
    • What happens to sister chromatids during anaphase?
      They are separated
    • What occurs during telophase?
      The nuclear envelope reforms around daughter cells
    • What is the main role of meiosis?
      Production of haploid gametes
    • How does meiosis contribute to genetic variation?
      Through crossing over and independent assortment
    • How many haploid gametes are produced from meiosis?
      Four haploid gametes
    • What happens during meiosis I?
      Homologous chromosomes separate
    • What occurs during prophase I of meiosis?
      Synapsis and crossing over of homologous chromosomes
    • What aligns at the equator during metaphase I?
      Each pair of bivalents
    • What is random assortment during metaphase I?
      Random positioning of bivalents at the equator
    • What happens during anaphase I?
      Homologous chromosomes separate
    • What occurs during telophase I?
      The nuclear envelope reforms around haploid nuclei
    • What happens during meiosis II?
      Another round of cell division occurs
    • What is the result of anaphase II?
      Centromeres split, separating chromatids
    • What are the types of tissues and their functions?
      • Xylem: Transport water and minerals
      • Phloem: Translocate food substances
      • Epithelial: Lining surfaces
      • Connective: Provide support
      • Muscle: Specialized for movement
      • Nervous: Impulse conduction
    • What is the function of xylem tissue?
      Transport water and minerals, provide support
    • What is the role of phloem tissue?
      Movement of food substances and nutrients
    • What are the two types of epithelial tissue?
      Squamous and ciliated epithelium
    • What is the function of ciliated epithelium?
      Move mucus along respiratory tracts
    • What is the role of connective tissue?
      Provide support and hold structures together
    • What is the function of muscle tissue?
      Specialized for movement through contraction
    • What is the role of nervous tissue?
      Specialized for impulse conduction
    • What are stem cells?
      Undifferentiated cells with developmental potential
    • What is differentiation?
      Process by which a cell specializes
    • Where are stem cells found in the body?
      In the bone marrow
    • What is the role of erythrocytes?
      Transport oxygen in the blood
    • What is the role of neutrophils?
      Attack and destroy foreign microorganisms
    • How do plants retain their ability to differentiate?
      Through meristems throughout their life
    • What are sperm cells?
      Male gametes made in the testes
    • What is the function of palisade cells?
      Specialized for photosynthesis with chloroplasts
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