Psych

• What is the 'cupboard love' approach in learning theory?

  Association between caregiver and food
• What does operant conditioning involve in the context of attachment?

  Reinforcement of behaviors for both infant and caregiver
• How does the reduction of hunger relate to attachment according to learning theory?

  It results in a secondary drive of attachment
• What did Bowlby (1958) disagree with regarding attachment formation?

  Learning theory explanation for attachment
• What type of theory did Bowlby propose for attachment?

  An evolutionary theory of attachment
• What is Bowlby's theory of attachment known as?

  Monotropic theory

  
• What does the term 'monotropy' refer to in Bowlby's theory?

  One all-important caregiver-infant attachment
• What does 'mono' and 'trophy' mean in the context of monotropy?

  One and turn to
• Why did Bowlby believe more time with the primary attachment figure is beneficial?

  It is better for infant's development
• What are the principles of monotropy according to Bowlby?

  • Continuity hypothesis: Predictability and consistency matter
  • Accumulated separation: Time apart from caregiver adds up
• What does the continuity hypothesis state?

  More predictability and consistency lead to better attachment
• What is meant by accumulated separation in attachment theory?

  Time apart from caregiver adds up negatively
• What are social releasers in attachment theory?

  Behaviors that encourage adult attention
• What is the critical period for forming attachment?

  First three years of life
• What does the internal working model represent?

  A blueprint for future attachment relationships
• How does poor infant attachment affect future relationships?

  Leads to poor future attachment and harsher parenting
• What did Bowlby propose about the number of attachment bonds infants form?

  Infants form one main attachment bond
• What is the 'cupboard love' approach in learning theory?

  Association between caregiver and food
• What are the two main types of conditioning described in learning theory?

  Classical conditioning and operant conditioning
• How does classical conditioning relate to attachment formation?

  Association between caregiver and food
• How does operant conditioning relate to attachment formation?

  Reinforcement of behaviours for both the infant and caregiver
• What did Bowlby disagree with regarding the learning theory explanation of attachment formation?

  Bowlby proposed an evolutionary theory, not a learning theory
• What was Bowlby's key idea about attachment, known as the 'monotropic theory'?

  Attachment is innate and infants form one, all-important caregiver-infant attachment

  
• What does 'monotropy' mean in Bowlby's theory?

  Mono = one, trophy = turn to
• What did Bowlby believe about the attachment bond between an infant and their primary caregiver?

  It was different from and more special than all other attachments
• What are the two principles of Bowlby's monotropy theory?

  The continuity hypothesis and accumulated separation
• What is the continuity hypothesis in Bowlby's monotropy theory?

  Predictability and consistency of the child's care matter, and more of both is better for attachment
• What is the principle of accumulated separation in Bowlby's monotropy theory?

  Time infant spends apart from their primary caregiver adds up, and it's better to have no instances of this
• What are social releasers in Bowlby's theory?

  Behaviours elicited by the infant that 'encourage' attention and trigger the adult attachment system, such as smiling and crying
• What is the critical period in Bowlby's theory?

  The timeframe in which the infant attachment system should form an attachment with a primary caregiver, which is the first three years of life
• What is the internal working model in Bowlby's theory?

  It acts as a blueprint for future attachment relationships and parenting style
• How does the internal working model relate to attachment quality and parenting style?

  Poor infant attachment leads to poor future attachment and harsher parenting style, while good infant attachment leads to good future attachment and secure parenting style
• What did Schaffer and Emerson (1964) find regarding infant attachment?

  Infants do form one initial attachment bond but some can form multiple attachments at the same time
• What did Suess et al. (1992) find regarding infant attachment?

  Attachment to mother is simply just a better predictor of later adult attachments
• What evidence supports the idea of social releasers in Bowlby's theory?

  Brazleton et al. (1975) observed that when caregivers were instructed to ignore their infant's signals, the infants became distressed and then lay motionless and curled up
• What evidence supports the idea of the internal working model in Bowlby's theory?

  Bailey et al. (2007) found that mothers who reported poorer attachments to their own parents typically had poorer attachments with their own children
• What criticism did Erica Burman (1994) make of Bowlby's monotropy theory?

  It puts excess pressure on mothers and makes them feel guilty for things that "go wrong" in their child's future, pushing them into behaviors like not returning to work
• How does the role of temperament compare to attachment quality in Bowlby's theory?

  Some researchers argue that temperament (genetic personality) might be just as, if not equally, important as attachment quality in informing adult attachments and relationships
• What are the key principles of Bowlby's monotropy theory?

  • The continuity hypothesis: Predictability and consistency of the child's care matter, and more of both is better for attachment
  • Accumulated separation: Time infant spends apart from their primary caregiver adds up, and it's better to have no instances of this
• How does Bowlby's internal working model relate to attachment and parenting?

  • Poor infant attachment leads to poor future attachment and harsher parenting style
  • Good infant attachment leads to good future attachment and secure parenting style