Lesson 18: 1700-1900 law enforcement

• When was the Bow Street Runners established?

  1748
• Who set up the Bow Street Runners?

  Judge Henry Fielding
• What was the primary role of the Bow Street Runners?

  To investigate crimes and detect criminals
• Why did Fielding believe the Bow Street Runners needed discipline and training?

  To achieve a better reputation with the public
• What did the Fielding brothers initially charge for?

  Capture of a criminal
• What were the names of the two Horse Patrols set up by the Bow Street Runners?

  The River and Cry
• In what year were the Bow Street Runners recognized as the first modern detective force?

  1785
• What factors contributed to the success of the Bow Street Runners?

  • Police presence deterred criminals
  • Organized regular patrols
  • Paid for information on criminals
• What was the role of parish constables before 1800?

  To deal with disorderly behavior and petty crime
• What was the responsibility of watchmen before 1800?

  Protecting property at night
• How could soldiers be used by the government before 1800?

  To deal with riots or rebellions
• What similarities existed between law enforcement before and after 1800?

  • Some officers were paid
  • Regular and routine foot patrols
  • Power to arrest criminals
• What concerns did people have about an official police force in the early 1800s?

  Loss of privacy and freedom
• Why did people doubt the effectiveness of an organized police force?

  They believed it would not reduce crime
• What financial concern did people have regarding a police force?

  It might be too expensive to run
• Who set up London's first professional police force?

  Home Secretary Robert Pool
• What was the purpose of the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829?

  To establish the first uniformed police
• How many districts had their own police division under the new police force?

  27 districts
• What was the aim of the new police force established in 1829?

  To deter criminals with a uniformed presence
• What color uniform did the new police force wear?

  Blue
• What were the stages of establishing a police force outside of London from 1829 to 1856?

  1. Expansion of police forces to other areas
  2. Establishment of a national police force
  3. Introduction of the CID in 1842
• When were National Crime Records set up?

  By 1869
• What did the 1854 Police Act emphasize?

  Detection of criminals and deterrence
• How did telegraph technology impact crime detection?

  It allowed communication about criminals
• What year did the CID start?

  1842
• Why was the establishment of the police force slow?

  Due to lack of funding and effort