Organisation

• State the principles of organisation

  Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ system, Organism
• Name the 3 digestive enzymes

  Carbohydrase, Protease, Lipase
• Link each enzyme to its substrate

  Carbohydrase- Carbohydrate

  Protease- Protein

  Lipase- Lipids
• Link each enzyme to its product(s)

  Carbohydrate- Simple sugars

  Protease- Amino acids

  Lipase- Fatty acids and glycerol
• Describe what is meant by “double circulatory system”

  The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs. The left side of the heart pumps blood to the rest of the body
• Name the 4 major blood vessels connected to the heart

  Vena Cava, Pulmonary Artery, Pulmonary Vein, Aorta
• What is the cause of coronary heart disease

  A layer of fatty material builds up in the coronary arteries, narrowing them
• Name the 5 components of the lungs

  Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, capillary network
• How might a faulty heart valve be treated?

  Replaced with; a pig heart valve, artificial mechanical valve
• Make the group of cells that regulate the heart rate and their location

  Pacemakers, right atrium
• Define health

  The state of physical and mental wellbeing
• Describe the 3 different types of blood vessel

  Artery: thick walls, small lumen

  Vein: thinner walls, large lumen

  Capillary: very thin walls, wide enough for single blood cell
• Name 5 factors that can increase the rate of of a disease

  Smoking, alcohol, obesity, carcinogens, ionising radiation
• Name the component parts of the blood

  Red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, platelets
• Define cancer

  Uncontrolled growth and division of cells
• Give the function of each part of the blood

  Red blood cells: carry oxygen

  White blood cells: destroy pathogens

  Plasma: carries other blood components and dissolved substances

  Platelets: Aid clotting
• Describe the different between malignant and benign tumours

  Benign tumours are contained in one area, usually in a membrane

  Malignant tumours invade other tissues and spread in the blood
• List 6 plant tissues and give their functions

  Epidermal: protective covering

  Palisade mesophyll: photosynthesis

  Spongy mesophyll: air spaces to allow diffusion of gases

  Xylem and phloem: movement of water and dissolved sugars
• Describe transpiration, including the structures involved

  The movement of water through the plant from roots to leaves through the xylem and evaporation from the leaves
• Describe translocation, including the structures involved

  The movement of sugar molecules through the phloem