Ethnicity

• What did Ghuman say about primary socialisation affecting ethnic identity?


  Children are raised to be respectful of elderly + community.
• Reynolds (2004) found African Caribbean family life in the UK produced a strong t____________ African Caribbean identity among young people. 


  Transnational
• What kind of success is important to Indian and Chinese youths in relation to their ethnic identity?


  Educational success
• How can the UK's ethnocentric curriculum erode ethnic identity?


  Knowledge taught in schools lacks Asian/Black culture and often is only expressed during special occasions like BHM.
• Whose study is this?

  • When ethnic minorities face external pressure, e.g. racism, the strengthen community ties by turning 'inwards' & reinforcing their cultural identity
  • Helps preserve culture + provides emotional support
  • BUT limits interactions w/ society 


  Cashmore & Troyna - 'Inwards'
• Whose study is this + what is it called?

  • Strong bonds due to ethnic identities can make locals divisive > hinders integration
  • Hard to balance embracing diversity & celebrating local culture 


  Les Back - Neighbourhood Nationalism
• What did Francis & Archer find out about Chinese families?


  • BIG emphasis on high educational achievement
  • Emphasis on hard work + respect
  • 2nd gen. immis face pressure to conform to familial expectations
• Who said that colonial attitudes towards race/skin colour have shaped modern racial hierarchies?


  Winston James