Contemporary urban environments

• What is urbanisation?

  Growth in the proportion living in urban areas
• Why do people move to urban areas?

  For better work and health opportunities
• What percentage of the world’s population lives in urban areas?

  More than 50%

  
• How many people live in urban areas worldwide?

  3.4 billion people
• What percentage of the UK population lives in urban areas?

  More than 80%
• How does urbanisation differ between richer and poorer countries?

  Faster in poorer countries
• What percentage of Bangladesh's population lives in urban areas?

  25%
• Who typically moves to cities for work?

  Usually young people
• What benefits do urban areas provide?

  Better healthcare, service accessibility, life expectancy
• What is suburbanisation?

  Outward growth of urban development
• What are suburbs?

  Outlying areas of the city
• What is counter-urbanisation?

  Movement from urban areas to rural areas
• What facilitates urban growth?

  Economic, social, technological, political, demographic processes
• What might entice people to move to cities?

  Exposure to new technologies and job opportunities
• What are megacities?

  Metropolitan areas with over ten million people
• How many megacities were there in 2015?

  35 megacities
• Name two of the largest megacities.

  Tokyo and Delhi
• What role do megacities play in economies?

  They are central business districts with large markets
• What urban changes can cities face over time?

  Deindustrialisation, decentralisation, service economy risks
• What is urban policy?

  Strategies for managing urban change and regeneration
• What is urban sprawl?

  Wider urban areas leading to overcrowding
• What does the Burgess Model describe?

  Spatial patterns of land use in urban areas
• What is the Central Business District (CBD)?

  Centre of the city for commercial businesses
• What characterizes the inner city according to the Burgess Model?

  Mix of poor housing and older industrial buildings
• Where do middle-class families tend to live in the UK and USA?

  In the suburbs for cleaner environments
• What is the rural-urban fringe?

  Edge of a city with urban and rural land uses
• What inequalities does urbanisation create?

  Economic inequality, social segregation, cultural diversity
• How does ethnic segregation relate to economic indicators?

  Closely related to income and employment
• What can prevent segregation and inequalities in urban areas?

  Creating awareness and facilitating needs of marginalized
• What is Aik Saath?

  A charity focused on community integration
• What social problems are common in urban areas?

  Shortage of good quality housing, traffic congestion
• How can urban issues be addressed?

  Through urban renewal schemes and new towns
• What does urban climate refer to?

  Climatic conditions within urban areas
• How does urbanisation affect air quality?

  Changes the form of the landscape and air quality
• What is the urban heat island effect?

  Urban areas become warmer than rural surroundings

  
• How do urban structures respond to weather?

  Built to withstand wind and precipitation damage
• What can urbanisation damage?

  Rivers and the water cycle through pollution
• What are sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS)?

  Projects to manage urban water and drainage
• What generates urban physical waste?

  Industrial, commercial activity, personal consumption
• What is a consumerist culture in urban areas?

  Culture that does not promote sustainability