Elbow and Hand

• 3 joints in Elbow:

  • Humeroradial
  • Humeroulnar
  • Proximal Radioulnar
• Ulna is larger at the elbow, Radius is larger at the wrist
• Humeroulnar joint

  • Hinge joint
  • Articulation of semilunar notch of ulna and trochlea of humerus
  • Actions: flexion and extension
• Humeroradial Joint

  • Restricted ball and socket joint
  • Restricted by annular ligament
  • Articulation of capitulum of humerus and head of radius
• Proximal Radioulnar Joint

  • Pivot join
  • Articulation of head of radius with radial fossa on ulna
  • Action: pronation and supination
• Ulnar Collateral Ligament

  
• Radial Collateral Ligament

  
• Annular Ligament

  
• Brachialis

  
• Brachioradialis

  
• Biceps Brachii

  
• Supinator

  
• Pronator Teres

  
• Pronator Quadratus

  
• Triceps Brachii

  
• Anconeus

  
• Name the Carpal bones:

  1. Scaphoid
  2. Lunate
  3. Triquetrum
  4. Pisiform
  5. Hamate
  6. Capitate
  7. Trapezoid
  8. Trapezium
• Identify the carpals

  A) Scaphoid

  B) Lunate

  C) Triquetrum

  D) Pisiform

  E) Hamate

  F) Capitate

  G) Trapezoid

  H) Trapezium

  
• 29 bones in each hand:

  • Phalanges x14
  • Metacarpals x5
  • Carpals x8
  • Ulna
  • Radius
• Distal Radioulnar Joint

  • Pivot joint
  • Allows radius to rotate around ulna during actions of pronation and supination
  • Radius can rotate, Ulna cannot
• Distal Radiocarpal Joint

  • Condyloid joint
  • Articulation of distal head of radius and proximal row of carpal bones
  • Actions: flexion, extension, radial deviation, ulnar deviation
• Intercarpal Joints

  • Diarthrodial joints
  • Only small gliding movements
  • Articulation between proximal and distal rows and between individual carpals
• Carpometacarpal Joints:

  • Modified Saddle joints
  • Thumb is a true saddle joint
  • Actions at thumb CMC joint:
  • Abduction
  • adduction
  • flexion
  • extension
  • opposition
  • circumduction
• Metacarpophalangeal Joints

  • Condyloid joints
  • Articulation between metacarpals and proximal phalanx
  • Actions:
  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Abduction
  • Adduction
  • Circumduction
• Interphalangeal Joints

  • Hinge joints
  • articulation between phalanges of each finger
  • Actions: flexion and extension
• Ulnar Deviation: Flexor carpi ulnaris works with extensor carpi ulnaris
• Radial Deviation: Extensor carpi radialis longus works with flexor carpi radialis
• Wrist Extensors:

  • Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)
  • Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)
  • Extensor digitorum (ED)
  • Extensor digiti minimi (EDM)
• Wrist Flexors:

  • Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)
  • Flexor carpi radialis (FCR)
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)
  • Palmaris longus (not always present)