anatomical terminology

• What are the basic concepts of anatomical position?

  • Palms out, fingers partly splayed
  • Elbows facing back
  • Head facing front
  • Arms straight and hanging at sides
  • Feet facing front, no side on view
  • Legs almost together
  • Midline
• What does "prone" mean in anatomical terms?

  Forward or inclined towards
• What does "supine" mean in anatomical terms?

  Turned or thrown back
• What are the three anatomical planes?

  • Transverse/Axial
  • Coronal/Frontal
  • Sagittal
• What are the regions of the body and their components?

  • Head and Neck: Skull, brain, sensory organs, larynx
  • Thorax: Ribcage, heart, lungs, trachea
  • Abdomen: Digestive organs, spleen, kidneys
  • Pelvis: Bladder, reproductive and digestive organs
• How are the abdomen and pelvis divided for medical purposes?

  • Divided into quadrants and regions
  • Used for narrowing down organ position
• What are the names of the four quadrants in the abdomen?

  LUQ, RUQ, RLQ, LLQ
• What does "hypochondriac" refer to in anatomical terms?

  Under cartilage or situated under
• How is left and right determined in anatomy?

  By the body's perspective, not the observer's
• What do the terms "lateral" and "medial" mean?

  Lateral means to the side; medial means to the middle
• What are the anatomical terms for front and back?

  Anterior and Posterior
• What do "superior" and "inferior" refer to?

  Above and below, respectively
• What is the term for close to or away from the trunk?

  Proximal and Distal
• How does "superficial" differ from "deep" in anatomy?

  Superficial is closer to the surface; deep is further away
• What are the specialized terms used in anatomy?

  • Ipsilateral: Same side
  • Contralateral: Opposite side
  • Visceral: Organ-side
  • Parietal: Wall-side
  • Rostral: Towards the nose
  • Palmar: Palm side
  • Dorsal: Back side
• What are the types of anatomical movements?

  • Flexion and Extension
  • Abduction and Adduction
  • Rotation (lateral and medial)
  • Elevation and Depression
  • Protraction and Retraction
  • Pronation and Supination
  • Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion
• What is flexion in anatomical terms?

  A movement that decreases the angle between two parts
• What is extension in anatomical terms?

  An increase in the angle between two parts
• What does abduction mean?

  A movement away from the midline
• What does adduction mean?

  A movement towards the midline
• What are the two types of rotation?

  Lateral and Medial
• What is elevation in anatomical terms?

  A movement in a superior direction
• What is depression in anatomical terms?

  A movement in an inferior direction
• What do protraction and retraction refer to?

  Movement of arms anteriorly or posteriorly
• What is pronation?

  Rotation of the forearm or foot inward
• What is supination?

  Rotation of the forearm or foot outward
• What is dorsiflexion?

  Decreases angle between top of foot and shin
• What is plantarflexion?

  Increases angle between top of foot and shin
• What are the applications of movement in anatomy?

  • Extension of the left wrist
  • Lateral rotation of the head
  • Abduction of left arm
  • Flexion of the knees
  • Flexion of the hips
  • Medial rotation of the right forearm
• What are the major groups of supporting tissue types?

  • Bones
  • Cartilage
  • Tendons
  • Ligaments
  • Fascia
• What is the function of bones?

  Support and articulation
• What are the four types of bones?

  Sesamoid, Short, Flat, Long
• What is the human skeletal structure composed of?

  • Cranium
  • Mandible
  • Clavicle
  • Sternum
  • Humerus
  • Rib
  • Radius
  • Ulna
  • Metacarpals
  • Femur
  • Tibia
  • Spine
  • Scapula
  • Vertebra
  • Pelvis
  • Sacrum
  • Metatarsals
  • Fibula
• What is the difference between axial and appendicular skeleton?

  • Axial: 80 bones, houses vital parts
  • Appendicular: 126 bones, functionality in locomotion
• What is the function of the frontal bone?

  Part of the skull structure
• What are the major regions of the vertebral column?

  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Lumbar
  • Sacral
  • Coccygeal
• How many vertebrae are in the human spine?

  29 vertebrae
• What is the role of the vertebral column?

  Houses spinal cord and nerves
• What is the significance of the curved shape of the vertebra?

  Provides structural support for back muscles
• What are the features of the thoracic vertebra?

  • Body
  • Spinous process
  • Transverse process
  • Pedicle
  • Articular processes