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Chemistry
Acids and Bases
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Cards (25)
What does the pH scale measure?
How
acidic
or
alkaline
a solution is
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What is the range of the pH scale?
0 to 14
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What pH value indicates a neutral solution?
7
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What is the pH of stomach acid?
Around
2
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What is the pH of acid rain?
Around
4
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What is the pH of washing up liquid?
Around 9
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What is the pH of bleach?
Around
12
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What are indicators used for?
To measure
pH
by changing color
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What is a wide range indicator?
Changes color across a wide
pH
range
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How does a pH probe work?
Measures pH
electronically
for accuracy
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Why are measurements that remove human judgment more reliable?
They reduce
guessing
and subjective
interpretation
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How is an acid defined?
Forms solutions with
pH
less than 7
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What do acids release in water?
Hydrogen ions
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How is a base defined?
Any substance with
pH
greater than
7
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What is an alkali?
A
base
soluble in water with
pH
> 7
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What ions do alkalis form in water?
Hydroxide
ions (OH⁻)
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What is produced in a neutralization reaction?
A
salt
and water
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What is the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide?
Produces
sodium chloride
and water
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How can neutralization reactions be represented?
In terms of
hydrogen
and
hydroxide ions
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What is the pH of the products in a neutralization reaction?
7
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What are some common acids?
Hydrochloric
,
sulfuric
, and
nitric
acid
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What are some common bases?
Sodium hydroxide
and
calcium carbonate
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What are the key concepts related to the pH scale?
pH measures
acidity
or
alkalinity
Scale ranges from 0 to 14
Neutral pH
is 7
Acids
have pH < 7
Bases
have pH > 7
Alkalis are
soluble
bases
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What methods are used to measure pH?
Indicators
(change color with pH)
pH probes
(electronic measurement)
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What happens in a neutralization reaction?
Acid
and
base
react
Produce
salt
and
water
pH
of products is 7
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