Acids and Bases

    Cards (25)

    • What does the pH scale measure?
      How acidic or alkaline a solution is
    • What is the range of the pH scale?
      0 to 14
    • What pH value indicates a neutral solution?
      7
    • What is the pH of stomach acid?
      Around 2
    • What is the pH of acid rain?
      Around 4
    • What is the pH of washing up liquid?
      Around 9
    • What is the pH of bleach?
      Around 12
    • What are indicators used for?
      To measure pH by changing color
    • What is a wide range indicator?
      Changes color across a wide pH range
    • How does a pH probe work?
      Measures pH electronically for accuracy
    • Why are measurements that remove human judgment more reliable?
      They reduce guessing and subjective interpretation
    • How is an acid defined?
      Forms solutions with pH less than 7
    • What do acids release in water?
      Hydrogen ions
    • How is a base defined?
      Any substance with pH greater than 7
    • What is an alkali?
      A base soluble in water with pH > 7
    • What ions do alkalis form in water?
      Hydroxide ions (OH⁻)
    • What is produced in a neutralization reaction?
      A salt and water
    • What is the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide?
      Produces sodium chloride and water
    • How can neutralization reactions be represented?
      In terms of hydrogen and hydroxide ions
    • What is the pH of the products in a neutralization reaction?
      7
    • What are some common acids?
      Hydrochloric, sulfuric, and nitric acid
    • What are some common bases?
      Sodium hydroxide and calcium carbonate
    • What are the key concepts related to the pH scale?
      • pH measures acidity or alkalinity
      • Scale ranges from 0 to 14
      • Neutral pH is 7
      • Acids have pH < 7
      • Bases have pH > 7
      • Alkalis are soluble bases
    • What methods are used to measure pH?
      1. Indicators (change color with pH)
      2. pH probes (electronic measurement)
    • What happens in a neutralization reaction?
      • Acid and base react
      • Produce salt and water
      • pH of products is 7
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