Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium

• What are reversible reactions characterized by?

  A double arrow indicating both directions
• What does the term equilibrium refer to in reversible reactions?

  Rates of forward and backward reactions are equal
• What does a one-way reaction indicate?

  Reactants turn into products only
• What happens to the rates of forward and backward reactions over time?

  The forward slows down, backward speeds up
• What occurs at equilibrium in a reversible reaction?

  Concentrations of reactants and products remain constant
• Can the concentrations of reactants and products be equal at equilibrium?

  No, they can be different amounts
• What does it mean if the equilibrium lies to the right?

  There are more products than reactants
• How does adding heat affect the position of equilibrium?

  It encourages the forward reaction
• What happens when the reaction is cooled?

  It pushes the equilibrium to the left
• What is required for equilibrium to be reached in a reversible reaction?

  A closed system where nothing escapes
• What is the relationship between exothermic and endothermic reactions in reversible reactions?

  One direction is exothermic, the other endothermic
• What happens to hydrated copper sulfate when heated?

  It decomposes to anhydrous copper sulfate
• What occurs when water is added to anhydrous copper sulfate?

  It reforms blue crystals of copper sulfate
• What is the significance of the energy changes in reversible reactions?

  Energy is absorbed in the forward reaction
• What are the key characteristics of reversible reactions?

  • Indicated by a double arrow
  • Forward and backward reactions occur
  • Equilibrium is reached when rates are equal
  • Concentrations of reactants and products remain constant
  • Position of equilibrium can shift based on conditions
• What factors can affect the position of equilibrium?

  • Temperature changes (heating or cooling)
  • Concentration of reactants or products
  • Pressure changes in gaseous reactions
• What is the difference between hydrated and anhydrous substances?

  • Hydrated: Contains water
  • Anhydrous: Lacks water
• What is the thermal decomposition of hydrated copper sulfate?

  • Forward reaction: Endothermic (absorbs heat)
  • Backward reaction: Exothermic (releases heat)