Tests for Anions

• What are anions?

  Negatively charged ions
• What tests are covered for anions in the video?

  • Test for carbonate ions
  • Test for sulfate ions
  • Test for halide ions
• What happens when a carbonate reacts with an acid?

  It forms a salt, carbon dioxide, and water
• How can you test for carbonates in a solution?

  Add dilute hydrochloric acid and lime water
• What indicates a positive test for carbonates?

  Lime water turns cloudy
• What is the first step in the sulfate test?

  Add dilute hydrochloric acid
• Why do we add dilute hydrochloric acid in the sulfate test?

  To remove carbonate or sulfite impurities
• What forms when barium ions react with sulfate ions?

  Barium sulfate, a white precipitate
• What is the key result of the sulfate test?

  Formation of a white precipitate
• What is the first step in the halide test?

  Add dilute nitric acid
• What is added in the second step of the halide test?

  Add silver nitrate solution
• What do silver ions react with in the halide test?

  Halide ions to form precipitates
• What color precipitate forms with chloride ions?

  White precipitate (silver chloride)
• What color precipitate forms with bromide ions?

  Cream precipitate (silver bromide)
• What color precipitate forms with iodide ions?

  Yellow precipitate (silver iodide)
• What is the process for testing halide ions?

  1. Add dilute nitric acid to remove impurities
  2. Add silver nitrate solution
  3. Observe precipitate color:

  • White for chloride
  • Cream for bromide
  • Yellow for iodide
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