early modern

• What was the time frame of the early modern period?

  c1500-c1700
• Who was known as Bloody Mary?

  Mary I
• What did the Vagabonds and Beggars Act of 1495 entail?

  Vagabonds were put in stocks and sent home
• What was the punishment for witchcraft under the 1542 Witchcraft Act?

  Death
• What did the Vagrancy Act of 1547 impose on able-bodied individuals without work?

  They were branded and sold as slaves
• What was the consequence of the Poor Law of 1601 for the 'undeserving' poor?

  They could be branded or whipped
• How did the increase in population during the early modern period affect crime?

  It led to more petty crimes and street criminals
• What was the relationship between enclosure of land and poaching?

  Enclosure restricted hunting, increasing poaching
• What was the impact of the Reformation on definitions of crime?

  It increased accusations of heresy and treason
• What were the three main changes in early modern England that affected crime definitions?

  • Increase in population leading to urbanization
  • Enclosure of land restricting access to resources
  • The Reformation causing religious divisions
• What was the consequence of being branded with the letter 'V' under the Vagrancy Act?

  Sold as a slave for 2 years
• How did the monarch's power change after the Reformation?

  The monarch became head of the Church
• Why did heresy and treason become serious crimes after the Reformation?

  They challenged the authority of the monarch
• What were the key definitions of crime that changed during the early modern period?

  • Increase in crimes against authority (heresy, treason)
  • Increase in begging (vagabonds, vagrants)
  • Increase in smuggling and poaching
• What was the Act for the Relief of the Poor of 1597?

  Classified people as deserving help or not
• What was the significance of the Gunpowder Plot in relation to crime definitions?

  It exemplified crimes against authority
• Who executed many Catholics for treason during 1603-1625?

  James I
• Why was there an increase in vagabonds and vagrants during the early modern period?

  Job losses and lack of support systems
• How did inflation contribute to the rise of vagrancy?

  Prices rose faster than wages, causing poverty
• What were the reasons authorities were concerned about vagabonds and vagrants?

  • Fear of crime and disorder
  • Economic burden on society
  • Threat to social stability
• What was the role of Martin Luther in the Reformation?

  He protested against Catholic Church corruption
• How did the closure of monasteries affect the poor?

  It removed support systems for the needy
• What connection exists between the monarch's religion and definitions of crime?

  Monarch's religion influenced heresy accusations
• What were the key terms related to crime definitions in the early modern period?

  • Heresy: Different religious beliefs
  • High treason: Plotting against the ruler
  • Vagabond: Unemployed and homeless individuals
• How many Protestants were executed for heresy during 1558-1603?

  Almost 300
• What was the primary reason Elizabeth I executed rebels?

  For treason
• What year was the Act for the Relief of the Poor enacted?

  1597
• What does the Act for the Relief of the Poor classify?

  People as deserving help or not
• What assistance did the Poor Law of 1601 provide?

  Help for the 'deserving' poor
• What could happen to the 'undeserving' poor under the Poor Law?

  They could be branded, whipped, or sent to correction houses
• Who executed many Catholics for treason from 1603-1625?

  James I
• What is poor relief?

  Financial assistance for the poorest members of society
• What does 'enclosed' mean in the context of land use?

  Fenced off for the exclusive use of the landowner
• What are import duties?

  Taxes payable on goods imported into the country
• What does it mean to decriminalise an activity?

  Make an activity legal, or no longer a crime
• What is heresy?

  The crime of having different religious beliefs
• What is a vagabond?

  Unemployed and homeless people
• What constitutes high treason?

  Plotting or acting to harm the ruler or country
• Why was vagabondage made a crime?

  Due to increased numbers of beggars and social unrest
• What caused an increase in beggars and vagabonds?

  Problems in the cloth industry and landowners keeping sheep