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Chemistry
4 - Extracting Metals
Obtaining and Using Metals
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Created by
Freddie Gittins
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Cards (58)
What is the purpose of the reactivity series of metals?
To order metals by their
reactivity
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How is the reactivity series of metals produced?
By comparing their
characteristic reactions
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What do metals produce when they react with water?
Metal
hydroxide
and
hydrogen gas
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What is the reaction of calcium with water?
Ca
+ 2H<sub>2</sub>O ⟶ Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>
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How do magnesium, iron, and zinc react with cold water?
They react very slowly
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Which metals react with dilute acids?
Only metals above
hydrogen
in the
series
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What happens to the reaction vigor as metal reactivity increases?
More
reactive
metals
react more
vigorously
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What do acids produce when they react with metals?
Salt
and
hydrogen gas
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What is the general equation for metal-acid reactions?
Metal + acid ⟶ salt +
hydrogen
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What is the process of comparing metal reactivity using displacement reactions?
More
reactive
metal
displaces
less reactive metal
Less reactive metal slowly disappears from solution
Example: Mg displaces Cu from
CuSO<sub>4</sub>
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What happens to the color of CuSO<sub>4</sub> solution when magnesium displaces copper?
The
blue
color fades to
colorless
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What is oxidation in terms of metal reactivity?
Loss of
electrons
to become cations
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How does the position of a metal in the reactivity series affect its oxidation?
Higher
metals
oxidize more easily
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What are unreactive metals known as?
Native metals
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Why do unreactive metals not need chemical extraction?
They are found as
uncombined
elements
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What is a metal ore?
A rock containing enough metal for
extraction
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What is the extraction process for reactive metals?
Electrolysis
or reaction with
more reactive material
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What is the common extraction method for lower placed metals?
Heating with
carbon
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What is bioleaching?
Extraction using
bacteria
to recover metals
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What is phytomining?
Using plants to absorb
metals
from soil
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of bioleaching and phytomining?
Advantages:
Less
environmental
damage
Can extract metals from
low-grade
ores
Disadvantages:
Slow processes
Require further
purification
methods
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What is the main disadvantage of traditional mining methods?
Causes significant
environmental
damage
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What is the role of displacement in bioleaching and phytomining?
To purify the
extracted
metal
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Why is the extraction method linked to the reactivity series?
It determines how easily
metals
can be
oxidized
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How does the position of a metal in the reactivity series affect its extraction method?
Higher metals need
electrolysis
; lower metals use
carbon
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What is happening to the global demand for nickel and copper?
It is increasing due to
scarcity
of ores
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What are the two new methods of extracting metals mentioned?
Phytoextraction
and
bioleaching
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How do phytoextraction and bioleaching differ from traditional mining?
They avoid significant
environmental
damage
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What does traditional mining involve?
Digging, moving, and disposing of
rock
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What is a disadvantage of biological methods of metal extraction?
They are very slow and require
purification
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What is phytomining?
Using plants to absorb
metals
from soil
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How do plants concentrate metals during phytomining?
Through their
vascular system
into shoots and leaves
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What happens to the harvested parts of the plant in phytomining?
They are dried and burned to extract
metals
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What is bioleaching?
Using
bacteria
to extract metals from ores
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What do some bacteria do in bioleaching?
Break down
ores
to form
acidic
metal solutions
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What is leachate?
A solution containing
metal ions
from
ores
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How are metal ions extracted from leachate?
By
reduction
to solid metal form
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What types of ores is bioleaching often used for?
Sulfides like
CuS
or
FeS
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What is a drawback of bioleaching?
It produces
toxic substances
needing treatment
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How is bioleaching used beyond primary extraction?
In
mining
waste clean-up operations
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