Reliability

• Why is reliability important in psychological investigations?

  It ensures consistent results across measurements
• What is external reliability in psychological measures?


  Consistency of results when repeated by others
• What is internal reliability in psychological measures?

  Consistency among different parts of a measure
• How can you assess internal reliability using a questionnaire?

  By splitting it into two parts and correlating results
• What does a strong correlation indicate in the split-half method?

  It indicates internal reliability
• What is the test-retest method used for?

  Assessing external reliability of a measure
• What does a strong correlation in test-retest indicate?

  External reliability of the measure
• What is inter-observer reliability in observational studies?

  Agreement between different observers' results
• How do researchers assess inter-observer reliability?

  By comparing results from two observers
• What statistical tests are used to measure correlations?

  Pearson's r or Spearman's rho
• What correlation value indicates a reliable measure?

  0.8 or stronger
• How can researchers improve reliability in observational studies?

  By training observers and refining categories
• Why should behavioral categories be operationalized?

  To ensure precise measurement of behaviors
• How can interviews be structured to improve reliability?

  By carefully phrasing questions to avoid confusion
• What type of questions can reduce confusion in questionnaires?

  Closed questions
• What should researchers do if measuring established factors?

  Use established tests instead of creating new ones
• What is important for experiments to ensure reliability?

  Using a clear standardized procedure
• What should researchers keep constant in experiments?

  Environmental conditions