Respiratory

• What are the main structures of the respiratory system?

  Nasal cavity, lungs, diaphragm, and more
• What is the role of the nasal cavity in the respiratory system?

  Filters dust and warms air
• What is the common name for the larynx?

  Voice box
• How does the trachea function in the respiratory system?

  It carries air to the bronchi

  
• What is the function of the epiglottis?

  Prevents food from entering the lungs
• What is the primary function of the lungs?

  Allow oxygen to enter the body
• What do bronchi do in the respiratory system?

  Carry air into the lungs
• What are bronchioles?

  Small airways connecting bronchi to alveoli
• How many alveoli are there in each lung?

  About 300,000,000
• What occurs at the alveoli?

  Gaseous exchange between air and blood

  
• What is the diaphragm's role in respiration?

  Involved in inspiration and expiration
• What is the thoracic cavity?

  Chest chamber protected by ribs
• What do internal intercostal muscles do?

  Draw ribs downwards and inwards
• What do external intercostal muscles do?

  Draw ribs upwards and outwards
• What is pulmonary ventilation?

  Process of moving air in and out of lungs

  
• What happens during inspiration?

  Diaphragm contracts, increasing thoracic cavity size
• What happens during expiration?

  Diaphragm relaxes, decreasing thoracic cavity size
• How does gaseous exchange occur?

  By diffusion between alveoli and capillaries

  
• What is tidal volume?

  Amount of air in a normal breath
• What is vital capacity?

  Volume of air after maximal inspiration
• What is residual volume?

  Air left in lungs after forced exhalation
• What is total lung capacity?

  Vital capacity plus residual volume
• What is minute volume?

  Air passing through lungs in one minute
• How is breathing controlled neurally?

  By neurons from the medulla oblongata
• What role do chemoreceptors play in breathing control?

  Detect changes in blood carbon dioxide levels
• What happens to breathing rate during exercise?

  Breathing rate increases to meet oxygen demand

  
• What is the impact of asthma on the respiratory system?

  Restricts airflow and reduces oxygen intake
• How does altitude affect the respiratory system?

  Reduces oxygen availability for breathing
• What are the mechanisms of breathing during exercise?

  • Inspiration: diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract
  • Expiration: diaphragm relaxes and internal intercostal muscles contract
• What are the responses of the respiratory system to exercise?

  1. Increased breathing rate
  2. Increased tidal volume

  
• What are the adaptations of the respiratory system to training?

  • Increased vital capacity
  • Increased strength of respiratory muscles
  • Increased diffusion rate of gases
• What are the effects of exercise on lung volumes?

  • Tidal volume increases
  • Vital capacity increases
  • Minute volume increases significantly

  
• What is the process of gaseous exchange?

  • Occurs by diffusion
  • Between alveoli and capillaries
  • Oxygen enters blood, carbon dioxide exits

  
• What is the role of the medulla oblongata in breathing?

  • Controls diaphragm and intercostal muscle contractions
  • Sends impulses to increase breathing rate during exercise
• What factors can affect the respiratory system?

  • Asthma
  • Altitude and partial pressure changes
• What is the benefit of increased oxygen supply to muscles?

  More efficient muscle performance
• How does training affect the strength of respiratory muscles?

  It increases diaphragm and intercostal muscle strength
• What is the effect of a stronger diaphragm and intercostal muscles?

  Increases chest cavity for more oxygen intake
• What happens to the diffusion rate of oxygen and carbon dioxide with increased capillaries?

  It increases the efficiency of gas diffusion

  
• What condition restricts the airways in the respiratory system?

  Asthma