Muscular System

• Which type of muscle is non-fatiguing and involuntary?

  Cardiac
• Which type of muscle is fatiguing and voluntary?

  Skeletal
• Which type of muscle is involuntary and has slow contraction?

  Smooth
• What are the major skeletal muscles of the muscular system?

  • Deltoids
  • Biceps
  • Triceps
  • Wrist flexors
  • Wrist extensors
  • Supinators and pronators
  • Pectorals
  • Abdominals
  • Obliques
  • Quadriceps
  • Hip flexors
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Erector spinae
  • Trapezius
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Gluteals
  • Hamstrings
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
• What are the components of antagonistic muscle pairs?

  • Agonist
  • Antagonist
  • Synergist
  • Fixator
• What are the different types of skeletal muscle contraction?

  • Isometric
  • Concentric
  • Eccentric
• What are the different types of muscle fibers?

  • Type I
  • Type IIa
  • Type IIx
• What are the responses of the muscular system to a single sport or exercise session?

  • Increased blood supply
  • Increased muscle temperature
  • Increased muscle pliability
  • Lactate (high-intensity exercise)
  • Microtears (resistance exercise)
• What are the adaptations of the muscular system to exercise?

  • Hypertrophy
  • Increased tendon strength
  • Increase in myoglobin stores
  • Increase in number and size of mitochondria
  • Increase in storage of glycogen
  • Increase in storage of fat
  • Increased tolerance to lactate
• What are additional factors affecting the muscular system?

  • Age – effect of the aging process on loss of muscle mass
  • Cramp – involuntary sustained skeletal muscle contraction
• How are skeletal muscles controlled?

  Consciously controlled
• What happens to skeletal muscles during exercise?

  They fatigue
• How do skeletal muscles contract?

  By impulses sent by the brain
• What is the role of skeletal muscle contraction?

  Pull on bones to create movement
• Where is cardiac muscle found?

  In the walls of the heart
• How is cardiac muscle controlled?

  Unconsciously controlled
• What is a key characteristic of cardiac muscle?

  Does not fatigue
• What function do cardiac muscles serve?

  Help circulate blood
• How is smooth muscle controlled?

  Unconsciously controlled
• What system controls smooth muscles?

  The nervous system
• Which bodily functions are controlled by smooth muscles?

  Movement of food and blood
• What are locations of smooth muscles?

  Arteries, veins, bladder, stomach, intestines
• What is the function of the biceps muscle?

  Flexion of the lower arm at elbow
• Where is the biceps muscle located?

  Front of upper arm
• What is the origin of the biceps muscle?

  Scapula
• What is the insertion point of the biceps muscle?

  Radius
• What activities involve the biceps muscle?

  Bicep curl, pull-ups
• What is the function of the triceps muscle?

  Extends lower arm
• Where is the triceps muscle located?

  Outside upper arm
• What are the origins of the triceps muscle?

  Humerus and scapula
• What is the insertion of the triceps muscle?

  Olecranon process
• Which activities make use of the triceps muscle?

  Dips, press-ups
• What is the function of supinator muscles?

  Supinate the forearm
• Where are the supinator muscles located?

  Top and rear of forearm
• What is the origin of the supinator muscles?

  Humerus
• What is the insertion point of the supinator muscles?

  Ulna
• What activities utilize the supinator muscles?

  Back spin in racket sports
• What is the function of pronator muscles?

  Pronate the forearm
• What is the origin of the pronator muscles?

  Humerus
• Where are the pronator muscles located?

  Top and front of forearm