paper 2

• What can fossils tell us?

  How much an organism has changed over time
• What does it mean when we say that a species is extinct?

  No individuals of a species are left
• What factors can cause an organism to become extinct?

  Habitat destruction, new predators, diseases
• What is selective breeding?

  Choosing plants or animals to breed for traits
• When did humans first start selective breeding?

  Thousands of years ago
• What were the first things bred by humans?

  Edible crops and domestic animals
• How might a farmer selectively breed cows for more meat?

  Breed the biggest cow and bull together
• What is inbreeding?

  Reduced genetic diversity in a population
• What problems can arise from selective breeding?

  Health problems and vulnerability to diseases
• Why do we use genetic engineering?

  To change DNA for new features
• How is genetic engineering done?

  A gene is cut and inserted into another organism's DNA
• What are GM organisms?

  Organisms with altered genes
• How is genetic engineering useful in agriculture?

  Crops can be made resistant to herbicides
• How is genetic engineering useful in medicine?

  Bacteria can produce insulin for diabetes
• Why are people concerned about genetic engineering in animals?

  Effects of DNA changes are unpredictable
• Why are people concerned about genetic engineering in plants?

  Effects on human health are not fully understood
• What is classification?

  • The process of organizing living organisms
  • Based on shared characteristics and evolutionary history
• How did organisms used to be classified?

  • Based on observable traits
  • Often subjective and inconsistent
• Who made up the first classification system?

  • Carl Linnaeus
• What are GM organisms?

  Organisms which have had their genes changed
• How is genetic engineering useful in agriculture?

  Crops can be made resistant to herbicide
• What is a benefit of genetically engineered crops?

  They can produce a higher yield
• Why are people concerned about genetic engineering in animals?

  Changes in DNA may affect animal health
• Why are people concerned about genetic engineering in plants?

  Effects on human health are not fully known
• What is classification?

  Organising living organisms into different groups
• How did organisms used to be classified?

  By visible characteristics like number of legs
• Who made up the first classification system?

  Carl Linnaeus
• What were the first classification groups called?

  Kingdoms
• List the 5 kingdoms.

  Animals, plants, fungi, prokaryotes, protists
• Why have we changed the way we classify organisms?

  New knowledge about cells and DNA
• Who came up with the three domain system?

  Carl Woese
• What evidence did Carl Woese use for the three domain system?

  Chemical analysis
• Name the 3 domains.

  Eukaryota, archaea, bacteria
• Describe organisms found in the Eukaryota domain.

  Organisms with cells that have a nucleus
• Describe organisms found in the Archaea domain.

  Primitive bacteria in extreme environments
• Describe organisms found in the Bacteria domain.

  True bacteria
• Name the smaller categories each domain is divided into.

  Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
• What is the binomial classification system?

  Every organism has a 2 part Latin name
• What is the binomial name for humans?

  Homo sapiens
• What does the first part of the binomial name tell you?

  The genus of the organism