Localisation of function in the brain

• What is the weight of the human brain mentioned?

  1.4 kilograms
• What does the brain allow us to do?

  Move, understand language, remember, plan
• What is localization of function in the brain?

  Behavioral functions are localized to brain regions
• What are the six regions of the brain that demonstrate localization of function?

  • Visual cortex
  • Motor cortex
  • Somatosensory cortex
  • Auditory cortex
  • Broca's area
  • Wernicke's area
• Which hemisphere generally contains Broca's and Wernicke's areas?

  Left hemisphere
• What is contralateral processing in the brain?

  Right hemisphere controls left body side
• What is the thickness of the cortex in humans?

  Between 2 and 4 millimeters
• What is the visual cortex responsible for?

  Processing visual information
• What happens if the visual cortex is damaged?

  Can cause partial or complete blindness
• Where is the motor cortex located?

  In the frontal lobe
• What does damage to the motor cortex lead to?

  Loss of fine muscle function or paralysis
• What is the role of the somatosensory cortex?

  Detects sensations from the opposite body side
• What can damage to the somatosensory cortex cause?

  Loss of sensation from the opposite body side
• Where is the auditory cortex located?

  At the top of the temporal lobe
• What happens if the auditory cortex is damaged?

  Can lead to deafness
• What is Broca's area responsible for?

  Speech production
• What is Broca's aphasia?

  Difficulty in producing fluent speech
• What is Wernicke's area associated with?

  Understanding spoken language
• What is Wernicke's aphasia?

  Difficulty in understanding language
• What are the limitations of localization of function research?

  • Damage may affect multiple areas
  • Functions may not be strictly localized
  • Modern imaging shows complexity in brain functions
• What did Lashley's 1925 study suggest about brain functions?

  Functions are spread out across the brain
• What is hemispheric lateralization?

  • Different functions are specialized in each hemisphere
  • Left hemisphere: language and analytical tasks
  • Right hemisphere: visual-spatial tasks
• What does the sensory homunculus represent?

  Body areas mapped by sensory processing needs
• What is the appearance of white matter in the brain?

  White appearance due to myelinated axons
• What is the function of gray matter?

  Contains cell bodies for brain processing
• What is the central sulcus?

  Fold separating frontal and parietal lobes
• What is cortical blindness?

  Blindness due to damage in visual cortex
• What is neglect syndrome?

  Ignoring areas of the body due to damage
• What is agnosia?

  Inability to recognize objects by feeling
• What is the role of the occipital lobe?

  Visual processing center of the brain
• What is the function of the frontal lobe?

  Involved in planning and voluntary movements
• What is the function of the parietal lobe?

  Processes sensory information from the body
• What is the function of the temporal lobe?

  Processes auditory information and memory
• What is the significance of the 3D model of the sensory homunculus?

  Shows how sensory processing varies by body area
• What is the relationship between the brain's structure and its functions?

  Structure influences how functions are localized
• How does the brain's complexity affect localization of function?

  Complex connections challenge strict localization
• What is the role of modern imaging techniques in studying brain functions?

  They reveal complexity and distribution of functions
• What is the impact of brain damage on functional abilities?

  Specific damage leads to loss of abilities
• What is the significance of case studies in localization of function research?

  They provide evidence for specific brain functions
• What does the term "democratization" refer to in brain function?

  Specialization of cognitive functions in hemispheres