pelvic floor

    Cards (96)

    • In what academic year was this module taught?
      2024-25
    • Who is the module lead for MIDW1013?
      Dr Zoey Spendlove
    • What is the aim of this session regarding midwifery care?
      To apply perineum anatomy and physiology knowledge
    • What will students be able to do by the end of this session?
      • List the functions of the pelvic floor.
      • Identify the deep and superficial layers of the pelvic floor.
    • What does the perineum correspond to?
      The outlet of the pelvis
    • What structure bounds the perineum anteriorly?
      Pubic arch
    • What type of mass is the perineal body?
      Fibromuscular mass
    • Which structure bounds the perineum posteriorly?
      Coccyx
    • Where is the perineal body located?
      Between urogenital and anal triangles
    • What structures bound the perineum laterally?
      Ischiopubic rami, ischial tuberosity's and sacrotuberous ligaments
    • What is another name for the pelvic floor?
      Pelvic diaphragm
    • What shape is the perineum?
      Diamond-shaped
    • What is the role of the bony pelvis in relation to pelvic organs?
      Protects the pelvic organs
    • What is the role of the pelvic floor in relation to pelvic organs?
      Holds them in position
    • What two triangles is the perineum subdivided into?
      Urogenital and anal triangles
    • What type of tissues primarily compose the pelvic floor?
      Soft tissues
    • What two groups are the muscles of the urogenital triangle divided into?
      Superficial muscles and deep muscles
    • What membrane covers the urogenital triangle?
      Perineal membrane
    • How many layers of tissue is the pelvic floor comprised of?
      Six layers
    • What structures does the anal triangle include?
      Anal canal, internal and external anal sphincters
    • Where do the layers of the pelvic floor extend from?
      Pelvic peritoneum to skin of buttocks
    • What is the smooth covering over the uterus and fallopian tubes?
      Pelvic peritoneum
    • What is the connective tissue which fills space between pelvic organs called?
      Pelvic fascia
    • What does the pelvic fascia provide support for?
      Pelvic organs
    • What are the deep muscles of the pelvic floor collectively known as?
      Levator ani
    • What is the main function of the levator ani muscles?
      Provide strong sling to support pelvic organs
    • When do the levator ani muscles counteract increased intra-abdominal pressure?
      During laughing, coughing
    • How do superficial muscles compare in importance to levator ani muscles?
      Less important
    • When are the superficial muscles most likely to be damaged?
      During vaginal delivery
    • What supporting factors do subcutaneous fat provide?
      No supporting factors
    • What role does the pelvic floor play during sexual intercourse?
      Important role
    • What supporting factors does the skin provide?
      No supporting factors
    • What is a key function of the pelvic floor in relation to bodily functions?
      Maintaining continence
    • What structure does the pelvic floor support?
      Pelvic organs
    • What role does the pelvic floor play during childbirth?
      Flexing and rotating fetal head
    • What is vital for the levator-ani muscles to function correctly?
      Control of bladder and bowel function
    • When do levator-ani muscles maintain tone?
      Except during urination, defaecation and Valsalva manoeuvre
    • What ability do levator-ani muscles have at time of acute stress?
      Ability to contract quickly
    • What do contracting levator-ani muscles maintain during coughing or sneezing?
      Continence
    • What do levator-ani muscles do during parturition?
      Distend considerably
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