Science test revision

• What are diseases caused by pathogens that can be transmitted from one individual to another called?

  Communicable Diseases
• What are microorganisms that cause diseases called?

  Pathogens
• What is the state of physical and mental wellbeing called?

  Health
• What are three factors that affect health?

  • Diet
  • Stress
  • Life situations (e.g., Hygiene)
  • Pathogens
  • Immune system
• What are the four types of pathogens?

  Bacteria, viruses, protists, fungi
• Which microorganisms make you ill by reproducing rapidly and damaging cells and producing toxins?

  Bacteria
• Which microorganisms make you ill by reproducing inside body cells, causing damage?

  Viruses
• How can pathogens be spread?

  • By air/droplet infection
  • Direct contact
  • Water
• Name a viral disease that leads to blindness and brain damage.

  Measles
• How can measles spread?

  Droplet infection
• Name the pathogen that causes AIDS.

  HIV (Human Immunodeficiency virus)
• How can tobacco mosaic virus be spread?

  Direct contact/Vectors
• Can viral diseases be cured?

  FALSE
• Where can Salmonella bacteria be found?

  Raw meat, chicken, eggs
• State one symptom of Salmonella poisoning.

  Fever
• Which pathogen causes gonorrhoea?

  Bacteria
• How does gonorrhoea spread?

  Sexual contact
• How can the spread of gonorrhoea be stopped?

  Use condom; Limit sexual partners
• How can bacterial diseases be treated?

  • Antibiotics
• Name a fungal disease in humans.

  Athlete's foot
• Which pathogen causes rose black spot?

  Fungi
• State a symptom of rose black spot.

  Damages leaves
• Which pathogen causes malaria?

  Protists
• How does malaria affect the body?

  Damages blood and liver cells
• State a symptom of malaria.

  Fevers, shaking
• What are proteins that bind to specific antigens on pathogens called?

  Antibodies
• What are proteins on cell surfaces for cell recognition called?

  Antigens
• Name a viral disease in plants.

  Tobacco mosaic virus
• How can AIDS be spread?

  Sexual contact; Exchange of bodily fluids
• How can AIDS be treated?

  Antiretroviral drugs to control (not cure)
• How does tobacco mosaic virus affect the plants?

  Destroy chloroplasts, so reduce photosynthesis
• State a symptom of gonorrhoea.

  Yellow/green discharge from penis/vagina
• State a long-term effect of gonorrhoea.

  Long-term pelvic pain, infertility
• How can the spread of malaria be stopped?

  • Use mosquito nets
  • Use insecticides
  • Remove standing water
  • Take antimalarial drugs
• How does your skin act as a defence against pathogen entry?

  • Barrier
  • Antimicrobial secretions
  • Microorganism layer
• How does the trachea defend the body against pathogens?

  • Secretes mucus to trap pathogens
  • Cilia move mucus up the trachea to be removed
• How does the stomach defend the body against pathogens?

  • Hydrochloric acid destroys microorganisms in mucus/food
• State the three ways in which white blood cells defend the body.

  • Engulf pathogens
  • Produce antibodies
  • Produce antitoxins
• Describe the role of white blood cells in preventing diseases

  White blood cells play a crucial role in preventing diseases by identifying and destroying pathogens, which helps eliminate infections; producing antibodies that neutralize toxins and viruses, providing immunity against future infections; and removing dead cells and debris, which helps maintain tissue health and prevent the spread of infections.