P2 Cold War

• What was the purpose of the Tehran Conference?

  To plan the end of the war
• What ideological differences caused distrust among the allies?

  The USSR was Communist, others were Democracies
• How did the change in leadership from Roosevelt to Truman affect US-Soviet relations?

  It worsened the existing distrust
• What event increased tensions between the USA and the USSR in 1945?

  The USA developed the first Atom Bomb
• What were the Long Telegram and Novikov Telegram about?

  They expressed mutual distrust and hostility
• What did Churchill mean by the 'Iron Curtain'?

  A division between Eastern and Western Europe
• What was introduced by the USA in 1947 to combat Communism?

  The Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan
• How did Stalin respond to the Truman Doctrine?

  He set up Cominform and Comecon
• What was the significance of the Berlin Crisis (1948-9)?

  It marked the 'Front Line' of the Cold War
• What was the outcome of the Berlin Airlift?

  Germany was divided into two countries
• What military alliance did the USA form during the Cold War?

  NATO
• What was the Arms Race during the Cold War?

  Development and stockpiling of nuclear weapons
• What was Khrushchev's approach after Stalin's death?

  'Peaceful Co-existence' was promoted
• What was established by the Soviet Union in 1955?

  The Warsaw Pact
• What was the impact of the Hungarian Uprising in 1956?

  It heightened tensions between superpowers
• How did the Berlin Wall affect East and West Berlin?

  It permanently cut off the two parts
• What was the initial construction of the Berlin Wall made from?

  Barbed wire
• What was the reaction of the USA to the Berlin Wall's construction?

  They condemned its building
• What did Kennedy's 'Ich bin ein Berliner' speech signify?

  Support for West Berlin and its people
• What was the Bay of Pigs Invasion?

  A failed attempt to overthrow Castro
• Why did the USA refuse to recognize Castro as leader?

  He led a Communist revolution
• What was the significance of the Cuban Missile Crisis?

  It brought the world close to nuclear war
• What was the outcome of the secret deal during the Cuban Missile Crisis?

  The USA removed missiles from Turkey
• What was established to improve communication after the Cuban Missile Crisis?

  A telephone 'hotline' between Moscow and Washington
• What treaties were signed to control the Arms Race after the Cuban Missile Crisis?

  The Limited Test Ban Treaty and others
• What were the main causes of the Cold War?

  • Ideological differences: Communism vs. Democracy
  • Distrust from wartime alliances
  • Development of nuclear weapons
  • Expansion of Soviet influence in Eastern Europe
• What were the key events during the Cold War that escalated tensions?

  1. Berlin Crisis and Airlift
  2. Arms Race and nuclear stockpiling
  3. Hungarian Uprising
  4. Cuban Missile Crisis
  5. Construction of the Berlin Wall
• What were the long-term impacts of the Cold War on global politics?

  • Division of Europe into East and West
  • Establishment of military alliances (NATO, Warsaw Pact)
  • Ongoing arms control negotiations
  • Influence on international relations and conflicts
• What was the purpose of the Tehran Conference?

  To plan the end of the war
• What was decided at the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences?

  Division of Germany and Berlin into zones
• Why did the allies start to distrust each other after the war?

  Due to ideological differences
• What were the political systems of the Soviet Union and the USA/GB?

  Soviet Union was Communist, USA/GB were Democracies
• How did the change in leadership from Roosevelt to Truman affect US-Soviet relations?

  It worsened the existing distrust
• What event increased tensions between the USA and the Soviet Union?

  The USA developed the first Atom Bomb
• What were the Long Telegram and the Novikov Telegram about?

  They expressed mutual enmity and power struggles
• What did Churchill mean by the 'Iron Curtain'?

  A division across Europe between East and West
• How did the Soviets increase their influence in Eastern Europe?

  By installing Communist governments
• What was the overall impact of the ideological differences on the Grand Alliance?

  It led to growing distrust and tension
• What doctrine did the USA introduce in 1947 to combat Communism?

  The Truman Doctrine
• What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan introduced in 1947?

  To provide financial help against Communism