Respiratory

• What is the aim of this session?

  Overview of respiratory system anatomy and physiology
• What will you be able to do by the end of the session?

  Describe function and identify structures of the respiratory system
• What is diffusion?

  Movement from high to low concentration
• What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

  Provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
• What are the two main processes of the respiratory system?

  Inspiration and expiration
• What is the role of the respiratory system in homeostasis?

  Regulates gas exchange to maintain balance
• What is the waste product carried away from cells?

  Carbon dioxide (CO2)
• How is oxygen delivered to cells?

  Through the bloodstream from the lungs
• What color is deoxygenated blood represented as?

  Blue
• What are the core structures of the respiratory tract?

  Upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract, lungs, thoracic cavity
• What defines the thoracic cavity?

  Sternum anterior, vertebrae posterior, ribs lateral
• What is the diaphragm's role in the thoracic cavity?

  It acts as the floor of the thoracic cavity
• What structures are found in the mediastinum?

  Heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea, thymus
• What does the upper respiratory tract consist of?

  Oral/nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx
• What is the purpose of the upper respiratory tract?

  Warm, filter, and humidify inhaled air
• How long is the upper respiratory tract passage?

  12 cm from skull base to esophagus
• What is the larynx also known as?

  Voice box
• What does the trachea connect?

  Links larynx and bronchi
• What is the structure of the trachea?

  Composed of 3 tissue layers and cartilage
• How many lungs do humans have?

  Two lungs: right and left
• How many lobes does the right lung have?

  Three lobes
• What is the function of bronchioles?

  Supply air to lung segments
• What is the total number of alveoli in each lung?

  Around 250,000,000
• What is COPD?

  Limits airflow and damages lung tissue
• What does ARDS stand for?

  Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
• What does pleura surround?

  The lungs
• What is the role of pleural fluid?

  Reduces friction during breathing
• What is Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures?

  Total pressure equals sum of partial pressures
• What is tidal volume?

  Normal volume of air exhaled after inspiration
• What does hypercapnia refer to?

  Elevated blood levels of CO2
• What is the normal range for oxygen saturation?

  94-100% at rest
• What does dyspnoea mean?

  Difficulty breathing
• What are the key structures of the respiratory system?

  • Upper Respiratory Tract
  • Lower Respiratory Tract
  • Lungs
  • Thoracic Cavity
• What are the parts of the upper respiratory tract?

  • Oral/Nasal cavities
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
• What are the parts of the pharynx?

  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
• What are the types of gas exchange?

  • External respiration (at alveoli)
  • Internal respiration (at tissues)
• What are the pulmonary volumes?

  • Tidal Volume
  • Expiratory Reserve Volume
  • Inspiratory Reserve Volume
  • Residual Volume
• What are the respiratory medical terms and their meanings?

  • Hypercapnia: Elevated CO2 levels
  • Hypoxia: Lack of oxygen supply
  • Tachypnoea: Rapid breathing
  • Apnoea: Absence of breathing
  • Cyanosis: Bluish discoloration of skin
  • Pallor: Loss of color in skin
  • Dyspnoea: Difficulty breathing
• What is the significance of oxygen saturation?

  • Reflects oxygen bound to hemoglobin
  • Key indicator of respiratory function
• What are the terminology components related to respiratory terms?

  • A-: Lack of (e.g., anosmia)
  • PNEA-: Breath (e.g., dyspnea)
  • BRONCH-: Bronchi (e.g., bronchoscope)
  • LARYNG-: Larynx (e.g., laryngitis)
  • PULMO-: Lung (e.g., pulmonary metastases)
  • PNEUM-: Lung/Air (e.g., pneumonia)
  • RHINO-: Nose (e.g., rhinoplasty)