Chem unit 2.4

• What area of chemistry focuses on the study of carbon compounds?

  Organic chemistry
• What was organic chemistry originally defined as the study of?

  Compounds from living things
• Why is carbon considered a special element in chemistry?

  It can form chains with itself
• What does the international agreement on naming compounds ensure?

  Scientists worldwide recognize the compound
• What two elements are hydrocarbons composed of?

  Hydrogen and carbon
• What is the functional group of an organic compound?

  Atom or group that gives properties
• What is a homologous series?

  Series with the same functional group
• What is a saturated compound?

  Compound with single bonds only
• What is an unsaturated compound?

  Compound that contains double bonds
• What does the functional group determine about a molecule?

  Its chemistry and properties
• What are the 5 main organic functional groups?

  • Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons
  • Alkenes: Unsaturated hydrocarbons
  • Halogenoalkanes: Hydrogen substituted by a halogen
  • Alcohols: Compounds with an -OH group
  • Carboxylic acids: Compounds with a -COOH group
• What forms the backbone of organic chemistry?

  Hydrocarbons
• What does the name of an organic compound depend on?

  Carbon atoms and homologous series
• What prefixes represent 1-5 carbon atoms?

  • 1: Meth
  • 2: Eth
  • 3: Prop
  • 4: But
  • 5: Pent
• What prefixes represent 6-10 carbon atoms?

  • 6: Hex
  • 7: Hept
  • 8: Oct
  • 9: Non
  • 10: Dec
• What should you identify first when naming organic compounds?

  Longest continuous carbon chain
• When numbering the carbon chain, from which end do you start?

  The end giving the lowest numbers
• What suffix do alkanes use?

  -ane
• What suffix do alkenes use?

  -ene
• What part of the name indicates the presence of a halogen in halogenoalkanes?

  A prefix
• What suffix do alcohols use?

  -ol
• What suffix do carboxylic acids use?

  -oic acid
• What is the name of a straight chain alkane with 3 carbons?

  Propane
• What is the name of a 4-carbon alkane with a methyl group on the second carbon?

  2-methylbutane
• What type of hydrocarbons are alkanes?

  Saturated
• Why are alkenes more reactive than alkanes?

  Electron density around double bond
• What property makes alkenes useful for making plastics?

  They make polymers
• What number is used to show the position of the double bond in alkenes?

  The lowest number
• What is the functional group of halogenoalkanes?

  Halogen
• What are some industrial uses of halogenoalkanes?

  Anaesthetics and cleaning solutions
• What is the functional group of alcohols?

  -OH, hydroxyl group
• What is the environmental concern with halogenoalkanes?

  Breakdown of the ozone layer
• What are some common uses of alcohols?

  Solvents, medicine, fuels
• What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

  -COOH, carboxyl group
• What two parts make up the carboxyl group?

  C=O and OH
• What are two characteristics of carboxylic acids?

  Sour and bitter
• What is a molecular formula?

  Shows type and number of atoms
• Why can it be difficult to see a functional group in a molecular formula?

  Elements are counted together
• What does a displayed formula show?

  All atoms and bonds
• What does a shortened formula show?

  Atoms are bonded but not bonds