Biology unit 1,5

Cards (158)

  • What molecule determines the specific mRNA that transfers amino acids?
    Anticodon on tRNA
  • What is the name for the process where the A site joins to the attachment site on the tRNA molecule?
    Actuation
  • What molecule is required for the process of actuation?
    ATP
  • How many bases on the genetic code code for one amino acid?
    3
  • On the genetic code, what is the complementary sequence to ACG?
    UGC
  • According to the text, what is the three-base code for Alanine (ala)?
    ACA
  • According to the text, what is the three-base code for Lysine (lys)?
    TGG
  • According to the text, what is the three-base code for Glysine (gly)?
    AGC
  • According to the text, what is the three-base code for Cystine (cys)?
    TGC
  • According to the text, what is the three-base code for Serine (ser)?
    CAG
  • According to the text, what is the three-base code for Valin (val)?
    TTA
  • According to the text, what is the three-base code for Prolin (pro)?
    CCC
  • A strand of DNA includes 452 bases; how many amino acids will make up the protein?
    150
  • What are the four bases found in DNA?
    Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
  • What are the four bases found in RNA?
    Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine
  • Which base is not found in RNA?
    Thymine
  • Name the purine bases.
    Adenine and guanine
  • What do purine and pyrimidine bases form when joined to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar?
    Nucleosides
  • Name the pyrimidine bases.
    Cytosine, thymine, and uracil
  • What do nucleosides form when joined with phosphoric acid?
    Nucleotides
  • What do nucleotides join together to form?
    Nucleic acids
  • How do heterotrophic organisms derive their chemical energy?
    From food
  • How do autotrophic organisms derive their chemical energy?
    From light energy
  • What molecule makes energy available when needed?
    ATP
  • Approximately how much ATP do we make and break down every day?
    50 kg
  • Approximately how much ATP does the body contain?
    5 g
  • What is ATP sometimes called?
    'Energy currency' of the cell
  • Where is ATP synthesized?
    In the mitochondria
  • What does ATP stand for?
    Adenosine triphosphate
  • What three components does ATP contain?
    Adenine, ribose, and three phosphates
  • What enzyme hydrolyzes ATP when energy is needed?
    ATPase
  • What products are formed when ATP is hydrolysed?
    ADP and an inorganic phosphate ion
  • How much energy is released when one mole of ATP is hydrolysed?
    30.6 kJ
  • What type of reaction is ATP hydrolysis?
    Exergonic reaction
  • What type of reaction is ATP synthesis?
    Endergonic reaction
  • What is the addition of phosphate to ADP called?
    Phosphorylation
  • What does ATP transfer to cellular reactions?
    Free energy
  • What process do living organisms use to release energy from glucose gradually?
    Respiration
  • What is the immediate result of ATP hydrolysis to ADP?
    Energy release
  • How many enzymes are needed to release energy from ATP?
    One