Biology unit 1.6

• What structures are present within chromosomes?

  Chromatids
• What is the name given to the identical copies of a chromosome?

  Sister chromatids
• What type of chromosomes exist as a pair?

  Homologous chromosomes
• What phase is a cell in if it is not undergoing cell division?

  Interphase
• What occurs during interphase?

  • DNA replicates
  • RNA is synthesized
  • Protein synthesized
  • Interphase cell functions
• What acronym can be used to remember the phases of mitosis?

  PMAT
• List the phases of mitosis in the correct order?

  Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
• During mitosis, what happens to chromatids?

  Two chromatids move to one chromosome
• Which structures are involved in mitosis?

  Centrioles and spindle fibers
• What happens to spindle fibers during anaphase?

  They shorten and split the chromosome
• What is pulled to opposite poles of the cell during anaphase?

  Centromeres
• During telophase, what forms around each group of chromosomes?

  Nuclear envelope
• What process begins during telophase?

  Cytokinesis
• What is the significance of mitosis as a process?

  Cell division
• What broader implications does mitosis have?

  Implications in terms of disease or damage
• Why is cell division important?

  New cells are created from other cells
• How are all the cells in the human body created?

  From the cell formed when gametes united
• Through what process are the new cells formed?

  Division of other cells
• What are the two types of cell division?

  • Mitosis: produces cells with the same number of chromosomes as the mother cell
  • Meiosis: produces cells with half the number of chromosomes as the mother cell
• What is mitosis in terms of chromosome number?

  Produces cells with the same number of chromosomes
• What is meiosis in terms of chromosome number?

  Produces cells with half the chromosomes
• From what are chromosomes formed?

  DNA strand in a double helix
• What is chromatin?

  Non-condensed chromosome material
• Under what conditions do chromosomes become visible?

  During cell division
• What are chromatids connected by?

  Centromere
• What is the total number of chromosomes called?

  Diploid number
• What type of cells have half the diploid number of chromosomes?

  Sex cells or gametes
• What is the number of chromosomes in a complete set called?

  Haploid number
• What is the term for chromosomes occurring in matching pairs?

  Homologous pairs
• How many pairs of homologous chromosomes do humans have?

  23 pairs
• What is the symbol used to describe diploid cells?

  2n
• What is the ploidy level?

  Number of complete sets of chromosomes
• What are organisms with more than two complete sets of chromosomes called?

  Polyploid
• What is the diploid number of chromosomes in humans?

  46
• What is the diploid number of chromosomes in corn?

  20
• What is the diploid number of chromosomes in a dog?

  78
• What is the diploid number of chromosomes in a cat?

  38
• What is the diploid number of chromosomes in a mouse?

  40
• What is the diploid number of chromosomes in a fruit fly?

  8
• What is the diploid number of chromosomes in a frog?

  26